Canadian AI Hallucination Cases and Sanctions Database | Courtready
Last Updated: October 18, 2026Dernière mise à jour : 18 octobre 2026

When AI Invents the Law: Canadian AI Hallucination Cases DatabaseQuand l’IA invente le droit : base de données canadienne des cas d’hallucination de l’IA

Referenced by various news outlets and court decisions, listed in the research guides of Windsor, Queen’s and McGill, and published on CanLII.Référencé par divers médias et décisions judiciaires, répertorié dans les guides de recherche des bibliothèques de droit de Windsor, Queen’s et McGill, et publié sur CanLII.

271271
Decisions Where AI Invented the LawDécisions où l’IA a inventé le droit
6464
Canadian Courts and TribunalsCours et tribunaux canadiens
What Courts FoundCe que les tribunaux ont relevé271 decisions271 décisions
222222 Fictitious citationsCitations fictives
2121 Hallucinated lawDroit halluciné
77 Fabricated quotesExtraits fabriqués
2121 Other AI misuseAutre usage abusif de l’IA
How Courts RespondedComment les tribunaux ont réagi267 sanction decisions267 décisions de sanction
6161 Serious (23%)Sévères (23 %)
111111 Warning (42%)Avertissements (42 %)
9595 No recorded sanction (36%)Aucune sanction consignée (36 %)
Search 271 DecisionsRechercher parmi 271 décisionsCheck Your Citations With CaseCheckVérifiez vos citations avec CaseCheck

DatabaseBase de données

JurisdictionJuridiction
IssueEnjeu
SanctionSanction
PartyPartie
AI UseUsage de l’IA
Showing 1–10 of 271 decisionsAffichage de 1–10 sur 271 décisions* No finding that AI was used* Aucune constatation d’usage de l’IA
DecisionDécisionCitation or IssueCitation ou enjeuSanctionSanction
Oct 14, 2026
De Lira Nunez v. Canada (Citizenship and Immigration), 2026 CanLII 107995 (FC)
Federal Court · Para. 9
Self-RepPDF
Other AI Misuse
Undeclared use of generative AI when drafting legal submissions.
No Recorded Sanction
Oct 7, 2026
1182573 B.C. Ltd. v Gerber, 2026 BCCA 399
Court of Appeal of British Columbia · Para. 79
Self-RepPDF
Other AI Misuse
Allegations of AI-generated legal submissions.
Warning
Para. 80
Oct 7, 2026
Fuchs-Aubé v. Transport Norpel inc., 2026 QCCS 3730
Superior Court of Quebec · Para. 21
Self-RepPDF
Other AI Misuse
Using AI to determine damages owed by the plaintiff.
Serious
The lawsuit was declared as abusive in part due to the plaintiff’s use of generative AI.
Para. 67
Oct 1, 2026
Droit de la famille — 261553, 2026 QCCA 1300
Court of Appeal of Quebec · Para. 28
Self-RepPDF
Fictitious Citations
Fictitious Citations Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision.
Serious
Costs ordered in part due to having filed AI-hallucinated cases in legal submissions.
Para. 31
Sep 28, 2026
Ahmed v. Canada (Citizenship and Immigration), 2026 FC 1202
Federal Court · Para. 11
RepresentedPDF
Fictitious Citations
Kazi v Canada (Citizenship and Immigration), 2015 FC 1140Lopez Velasco v Canada (Citizenship and Immigration), 2011 FC 1290Olarewaju v Canada (Citizenship and Immigration), 2003 FC 1294Saint-Vil v Canada (Citizenship and Immigration), 2018 FC 644Yuan v Canada (Citizenship and Immigration), 2018 FC 155
Warning
Para. 14
Sep 23, 2026
Lo v. The Owners, Strata Plan LMS4555, 2026 BCCRT 1357
Civil Resolution Tribunal of British Columbia · Para. 10
Self-RepPDF
Fictitious Citations
Strata Plan NW 2772 v. Chen, 2021 BCCRT 543*
No Recorded Sanction
Sep 22, 2026
Goel v. Canada (Public Safety and Emergency Preparedness), 2026 CanLII 98679 (FC)
Federal Court · Para. 11
RepresentedPDF
Fictitious Citations
Fictitious Citations Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision.
No Recorded Sanction
Sep 21, 2026
Dirir c. Conseil des écoles publiques de l’est de l’Ontario, 2026 TDPO 1450
Human Rights Tribunal of Ontario · Para. 40
Self-RepPDF
Fictitious Citations
Fictitious Citations Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision.
Serious
Potential dismissal of case if the party continues to submit documents containing inaccuracies.
Para. 45
Sep 15, 2026
B.V. v. Ramanah, 2026 HRTO 1412
Human Rights Tribunal of Ontario · Para. 33
Self-RepPDF
Fictitious Citations
Fictitious Citations Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision.
Warning
Para. 34
Sep 15, 2026
Jamieson v Halifax Regional Centre for Education, 2026 NSLB 131
Labour Board of Nova Scotia · Para. 37
Self-RepPDF
Fictitious Citations
Wootton v. Nova Scotia (Department of Labour), Nova Scotia Labour Board Decision 2209*
Warning
Para. 40

FindingsConstats

Fictitious citationsCitations fictivesHallucinated lawDroit hallucinéFabricated quotesExtraits fabriquésOther AI misuseAutre usage abusif de l’IA
Q1
2024
Q2
2024
Q3
2024
Q4
2024
Q1
2025
Q2
2025
Q3
2025
Q4
2025
Q1
2026
Q2
2026
Q3
2026
Q4
2026
Why 271 decisions but 267 sanctions?Pourquoi 271 décisions, mais 267 sanctions?

We count every decision where a court identified the problem, but each sanction only once. One ruling can sanction several decisions: Mazaheri v Law Society of Ontario, 2026 ONLSTH 33 also sets out the sanction for Mazaheri v Law Society of Ontario, 2025 ONLSTH 186. Law Society of Ontario v Lee, 2026 ONLSTH 136 sets out the sanction for Ko v. Li, 2025 ONSC 2766; Ko v. Li, 2025 ONSC 2965; and Ko v. Li, 2025 ONSC 6785. Ren v. Area 09, 2025 BCPAAB 20253891 also sets out the sanction for Ren v. Area 09, 2025 BCPAAB 20251941.Nous comptons chaque décision où un tribunal a relevé le problème, mais chaque sanction une seule fois. Une même décision peut sanctionner plusieurs décisions : Mazaheri v Law Society of Ontario, 2026 ONLSTH 33 fixe aussi la sanction de Mazaheri v Law Society of Ontario, 2025 ONLSTH 186. Law Society of Ontario v Lee, 2026 ONLSTH 136 fixe la sanction de Ko v. Li, 2025 ONSC 2766; Ko v. Li, 2025 ONSC 2965 et Ko v. Li, 2025 ONSC 6785. Ren v. Area 09, 2025 BCPAAB 20253891 fixe aussi la sanction de Ren v. Area 09, 2025 BCPAAB 20251941.

Where Decisions Come FromD’où viennent les décisions

YTYT1NTT.N.-O.0NUNU0BCC.-B.73ABAB21SKSK4MBMB1ONON77QCQC34NBN.-B.2NSN.-É.3PEÎ.-P.-É.0NLT.-N.-L.0FederalFéd.55
Sanction Outcome per JurisdictionIssue des sanctions par juridictionTotalTotal
ONON77
BCC.-B.73
FederalFéd.55
QCQC34
ABAB21
SKSK4
NSN.-É.3
NBN.-B.2
MBMB1
YTYT1
SeriousSévèreWarningAvertissementNo recorded sanctionAucune sanction consignée

Who Is Filing ItQui dépose ces documents

83%83 %
involve a self-represented partymettent en cause une partie non représentée
226 of 271 decisions226 sur 271 décisions
82%82 %
where the court presumed or confirmed AI useoù le tribunal a présumé ou confirmé l’usage de l’IA
221 of 271 decisions221 sur 271 décisions
Sanction Outcome by PartyIssue des sanctions selon la partie
Self-representedNon représentées19% serious · 225 sanction decisions19 % sévères · 225 décisions de sanction
RepresentedReprésentées45% serious · 40 sanction decisions45 % sévères · 40 décisions de sanction
SeriousSévèreWarningAvertissementNo recorded sanctionAucune sanction consignée

Sanctions for AI-Hallucinated CasesSanctions pour les cas hallucinés par l’IA

How Canadian courts and tribunals responded in 267 sanction decisions, each counted once.Comment les cours et tribunaux canadiens ont réagi dans 267 décisions de sanction, chacune comptée une seule fois.

Serious SanctionsSanctions sévères
616123%23 %

Costs orders, regulator referrals, struck materials, contempt, denied or reduced costs, and other material consequences.Condamnations aux dépens, renvois à un organisme de réglementation, documents radiés, outrage au tribunal, dépens refusés ou réduits et autres conséquences importantes.

WarningsAvertissements
11111142%42 %

An admonishment or caution from the court or tribunal, with no further consequence.Une réprimande ou une mise en garde du tribunal, sans autre conséquence.

No Recorded SanctionAucune sanction consignée
959536%36 %

The court identified fictitious citations or AI misuse but imposed no sanction.Le tribunal a relevé des citations fictives ou un usage abusif de l’IA, mais n’a imposé aucune sanction.

Costs and Fines OrderedDépens et amendes ordonnés

$101,610101 610 $
Total across 26 ordersTotal de 26 ordonnances
$3,9083 908 $
Average orderOrdonnance moyenne
$31,15031 150 $
Highest single orderOrdonnance la plus élevée
Mazaheri v Law Society of Ontario, 2026 ONLSTH 112 · RepresentedReprésentée
$31,15031 150 $
Reddy v Saroya, 2026 ABCA 20 · RepresentedReprésentée
$17,55017 550 $
Notice of Suspension Issued by the Law Society of New Brunswick · RepresentedReprésentée
$12,00012 000 $
Law Society of Ontario v Lee, 2026 ONLSTH 136 · RepresentedReprésentée
$10,00010 000 $
Mazac v. Muise, 2026 NSSC 138 · Self-repNon repr.
$7,1257 125 $
Moosehead Breweries Limited v 14095863 Canada Inc., 2026 TMOB 128 · Self-repNon repr.
$5,575.405 575,40 $
Specter Aviation Limited c. Laprade, 2025 QCCS 3521 · Self-repNon repr.
$5,0005 000 $
Bahrani v Peters, 2026 SKCA 2 · Self-repNon repr.
$3,0003 000 $
Ivanov v Kiselman, 2026 CanLII 87466 (ON SCSM) · RepresentedReprésentée
$2,0002 000 $
Droit de la famille — 261234, 2026 QCCA 1092 · Self-repNon repr.
$1,0001 000 $

Amounts as stated in each decision. Orders of an unknown amount are not included in the totals. Shared sanctions are counted once.Montants tels qu’ils sont indiqués dans chaque décision. Les ordonnances d’un montant inconnu ne sont pas incluses dans les totaux. Les sanctions communes sont comptées une seule fois.

Press and CitationsPresse et citations

Cited by Courts, Government and the PressCitée par les tribunaux, le gouvernement et la presse

PublishedPubliéCanLII Author ProgramProgramme des auteurs de CanLIIThe Rise of AI-Hallucinated Case Law in Canadian Courts and TribunalsThe Rise of AI-Hallucinated Case Law in Canadian Courts and TribunalsRead Article →Lire l’article →Research CitedRecherche citéeCourt of Appeal of QuébecCour d’appel du QuébecDroit de la famille — 261234, 2026 QCCA 1092Droit de la famille — 261234, 2026 QCCA 1092Cited at para. 28Citée au par. 28Read Decision →Lire la décision →Research CitedRecherche citéeLaw Society Tribunal of OntarioTribunal du Barreau de l’Ontario2026 ONLSTH 112, Reasons for Decision on Costs of Motions2026 ONLSTH 112, Reasons for Decision on Costs of MotionsCited at para. 36Citée au par. 36Read Decision →Lire la décision →Research CitedRecherche citéeInnovation, Science and Economic Development CanadaInnovation, Sciences et Développement économique CanadaEnhancing trust in artificial intelligence through increased transparencyEnhancing trust in artificial intelligence through increased transparencyCited at section 3.3Citée à la section 3.3Read Document →Lire le document →ReferencedMentionnéThe EconomistThe EconomistThe rise of vibe lawyeringThe rise of vibe lawyeringAI is emboldening people to represent themselves in court. The results are mixed.L’IA encourage les gens à se représenter eux-mêmes devant les tribunaux. Les résultats sont mitigés.Read Coverage →Lire la couverture →PublishedPubliéThe Globe and MailThe Globe and MailAI companies must be held responsible for the hallucinations that bog down courtsAI companies must be held responsible for the hallucinations that bog down courtsSubscription RequiredAbonnement requisRead Article →Lire l’article →ReferencedMentionnéCBC NewsCBC NewsAI ‘gone awry’ made up case law, a Manitoba court says. Justice experts say it highlights a lack of accessAI ‘gone awry’ made up case law, a Manitoba court says. Justice experts say it highlights a lack of accessBy Caitlyn GowrilukPar Caitlyn GowrilukRead Article →Lire l’article →ReferencedMentionnéCTV NewsCTV NewsAI-fabricated legal citations in Canadian courts ‘tip of the iceberg,’ expert warnsAI-fabricated legal citations in Canadian courts ‘tip of the iceberg,’ expert warnsBy Dorcas MarfoPar Dorcas MarfoRead Article →Lire l’article →ReferencedMentionnéToronto StarToronto StarToronto lawyer who filed AI-generated ‘gibberish’ ordered to pay record costs awardToronto lawyer who filed AI-generated ‘gibberish’ ordered to pay record costs awardBy Betsy PowellPar Betsy PowellRead Article →Lire l’article →ReferencedMentionnéLaw360 CanadaLaw360 CanadaTop judge backs Jordan juggernaut, warns bar against filing fake AI-generated precedents in courtTop judge backs Jordan juggernaut, warns bar against filing fake AI-generated precedents in courtBy Cristin SchmitzPar Cristin SchmitzRead Article →Lire l’article →ReferencedMentionnéCanadian LawyerCanadian LawyerCanadian Lawyer survey: How Canada’s courts are regulating, using, and evaluating generative AICanadian Lawyer survey: How Canada’s courts are regulating, using, and evaluating generative AIBy Jessica MachPar Jessica MachRead Article →Lire l’article →ReferencedMentionnéLaw TimesLaw TimesLawyer who used AI-fabricated citations hit with $31,150 in costs to LSOLawyer who used AI-fabricated citations hit with $31,150 in costs to LSOBy Carolyn GruskePar Carolyn GruskeRead Article →Lire l’article →PublishedPubliéThe Hill TimesThe Hill TimesCanada’s national AI strategy leaves out the justice systemCanada’s national AI strategy leaves out the justice systemSubscription RequiredAbonnement requisRead Article →Lire l’article →

Using AI to prepare legal documents isn’t inherently wrong. For many self-represented Canadians, it may be their only realistic and cost-effective path to justice. The problem isn’t that people are using these tools. The problem is that our courts and tribunals don’t yet have adequate safeguards to catch when these tools hallucinate.

Utiliser l’IA pour préparer des documents juridiques n’est pas intrinsèquement répréhensible. Pour bon nombre de justiciables non représentés au Canada, c’est peut-être leur seule voie réaliste et abordable vers la justice. Le problème n’est pas que les gens utilisent ces outils. Le problème, c’est que nos cours et tribunaux ne disposent pas encore de mesures de protection adéquates pour détecter quand ces outils hallucinent.

Tom Macintosh ZhengTom Macintosh Zheng, Co-founder of CourtreadyCofondateur de Courtready
LiveEn ligne

CaseCheck by CourtreadyCaseCheck par Courtready

Don’t let fake cases become real law. CaseCheck is a Canadian legal citation verification tool that cross-references authorities against Canadian case law database. We help self-represented litigants and legal professionals identify AI-hallucinated cases before they reach the courtroom.Ne laissez pas de fausses décisions devenir du vrai droit. CaseCheck est un outil canadien de vérification de citations juridiques qui croise les références avec la jurisprudence canadienne. Nous aidons les justiciables non représentés et les professionnels du droit à détecter les décisions hallucinées par l’IA avant qu’elles ne se retrouvent devant le tribunal.

Check Out CaseCheckDécouvrir CaseCheck
Monthly NewsletterInfolettre mensuelle

New Cases and Sanctions, Once a MonthNouveaux cas et sanctions, une fois par mois

A monthly update from Tom Macintosh Zheng on newly identified decisions and how courts are responding.Une mise à jour mensuelle de Tom Macintosh Zheng sur les nouvelles décisions repérées et la réponse des tribunaux.

One email per month. Unsubscribe any time.Un courriel par mois. Désabonnement en tout temps.

Frequently Asked QuestionsFoire aux questions

Common Questions About AI Hallucinations and Sanctions in Canadian CourtsQuestions fréquentes sur les hallucinations de l’IA et les sanctions devant les tribunaux canadiens

Anatomy of a CitationAnatomie d’une citation
Alessandro v. Briggs, 2024 ONSC 5520
Party namesYearCourtDecision number
Noms des partiesAnnéeTribunalNuméro de la décision

The citation above links to a real Ontario decision on CanLII. An AI can produce one that looks identical for a case that does not exist. Correct formatting is not proof a case is real. Only verification is.La référence ci-dessus mène à une véritable décision ontarienne sur CanLII. Une IA peut en générer une d’apparence identique renvoyant à une affaire qui n’a jamais été tranchée. Un format conforme ne prouve pas qu’une affaire existe réellement. Seule la vérification le confirme.

How many Canadian court decisions involve AI-hallucinated or fake citations?Combien de décisions de tribunaux canadiens comportent des citations hallucinées par l’IA ou inexistantes?

As of October 18, 2026, Canadian courts and tribunals have identified AI hallucinations or other AI misuse in 271 decisions across 64 courts and tribunals. In 222 of them, a party cited cases or law that do not exist. In the other 49, the court flagged another problem: an AI-invented legal rule (21), quotes fabricated from real decisions (7), or other forms of AI misuse (21).

En date du 18 octobre 2026, les cours et tribunaux canadiens ont relevé des hallucinations de l’IA ou une autre utilisation abusive de l’IA dans 271 décisions, réparties dans 64 cours et tribunaux. Dans 222 d’entre elles, une partie a cité des décisions ou des règles de droit inexistantes. Dans les 49 autres, le tribunal a relevé un autre problème : une règle de droit inventée par l’IA (21), des extraits fabriqués attribués à de vraies décisions (7) ou d’autres formes d’utilisation abusive de l’IA (21).

What is a fictitious citation or AI hallucination in law?Qu’est-ce qu’une citation fictive ou une hallucination de l’IA en droit?

A fictitious citation is a reference to a case, statute, or other legal authority that does not exist. In the AI context these are called hallucinations. Large language models generate text by predicting the next word, so when asked for legal authority they can produce a citation that looks real, with a plausible party name, court code, year, and number, but that was never decided by any court. Because legal citations follow a rigid, predictable format, they are easy for AI to mimic convincingly, and there is no visual tell that separates a fabricated citation from a genuine one.

Une citation fictive est un renvoi à une décision, à une loi ou à une autre source de droit qui n’existe pas. Dans le contexte de l’IA, on parle d’hallucinations. Les grands modèles de langage génèrent du texte en prédisant le mot suivant; ainsi, lorsqu’on leur demande une source de droit, ils peuvent produire une citation d’apparence authentique, avec des noms de parties plausibles, un code de tribunal, une année et un numéro, mais qui renvoie à une décision n’ayant jamais été rendue par un tribunal. Comme les citations juridiques suivent un format rigide et prévisible, l’IA les imite de façon convaincante, et aucun indice visuel ne permet de distinguer une citation fabriquée d’une citation authentique.

How do I check whether a case citation is real or fabricated?Comment vérifier si une citation est authentique ou fabriquée?

Verify every citation against an authoritative source before filing. In Canada you can search the citation on CanLII or a paid legal database to confirm the case exists, that the parties and citation match, and that it actually says what it is cited for.

Vérifiez chaque citation dans une source fiable avant le dépôt. Au Canada, vous pouvez chercher la citation sur CanLII ou dans une base de données juridique payante pour confirmer que la décision existe, que les parties et la référence concordent, et qu’elle appuie réellement le point pour lequel elle est citée.

Am I allowed to use AI for court filings?Ai-je le droit d’utiliser l’IA pour mes documents judiciaires?

Whether you may use AI for a court filing depends on the specific court or tribunal. Each court or tribunal may set its own rules on the use of AI, and those rules differ by jurisdiction and continue to change. Before using AI to prepare any document, check the practice direction, notice, or guidance issued by the court or tribunal where your matter will be heard.

La possibilité d’utiliser l’IA pour un document judiciaire dépend de la cour ou du tribunal concerné. Chaque cour ou tribunal peut établir ses propres règles sur l’utilisation de l’IA, et ces règles varient d’un ressort à l’autre et évoluent constamment. Avant d’utiliser l’IA pour préparer un document, consultez la directive de pratique, l’avis ou les lignes directrices de la cour ou du tribunal compétent où votre affaire sera entendue.

What happens if you submit a non-existent case to a Canadian court or tribunal?Que se passe-t-il si vous présentez une décision inexistante à une cour ou à un tribunal canadien?

Outcomes range from no formal sanction, to a caution or warning, to serious consequences. Of the 267 sanction decisions recorded, 61 imposed a serious sanction, 111 issued a warning, and 95 recorded no sanction. Serious sanctions on record include costs awards, striking of affidavits or pleadings that cite fabricated authority, dismissal of the motion or application, and referral to a legal regulator. The outcome depends on the decision-maker and on whether the filing party is a lawyer or self-represented.

Les résultats vont de l’absence de sanction formelle à une mise en garde ou un avertissement, jusqu’à des conséquences sévères. Sur les 267 décisions de sanction recensées, 61 ont imposé une sanction sévère, 111 ont donné lieu à un avertissement et 95 n’ont consigné aucune sanction. Parmi les sanctions sévères au dossier : des condamnations aux dépens, la radiation d’affidavits ou d’actes de procédure citant une autorité fabriquée, le rejet de la requête ou de la demande, et le renvoi à un organisme de réglementation de la profession. L’issue dépend du décideur et du fait que la partie est représentée par un avocat ou se représente seule.

Have Canadian lawyers been referred to a law society or disciplined?Des avocats canadiens ont-ils été renvoyés à un barreau ou sanctionnés sur le plan disciplinaire?

Yes. This database includes 4 law society proceedings that imposed sanctions after filings containing fictitious or AI-generated authority, including matters before the Law Society Tribunal in Ontario, the Law Society of Alberta and the Law Society of New Brunswick. Beyond regulator proceedings, courts have addressed the conduct of counsel in their reasons and have ordered costs where the party was represented. Regulatory consequences can follow separately from, and in addition to, any sanction imposed by the court that heard the matter.

Oui. Cette base de données comprend 4 instances devant un barreau ayant imposé des sanctions à la suite de documents contenant une autorité fictive ou générée par l’IA, dont des affaires devant le Tribunal du Barreau en Ontario, le Barreau de l’Alberta et le Barreau du Nouveau-Brunswick. Au-delà des instances réglementaires, des tribunaux ont traité de la conduite des avocats dans leurs motifs et ont adjugé des dépens lorsque la partie était représentée. Les conséquences réglementaires peuvent survenir séparément de toute sanction imposée par le tribunal saisi de l’affaire, et s’y ajouter.

MethodologyMéthodologie

How This Database Is BuiltComment cette base de données est constituée

Every decision in this database was found on CanLII, read in full and checked by hand.Chaque décision de cette base de données a été repérée sur CanLII, lue au complet et vérifiée à la main.

This research is led by Tom Macintosh Zheng, former Toronto-based commercial litigator and co-founder of Courtready.

AI Hallucination is a global issue. Check out Damien Charlotin’s database to see how this issue is affecting courts and tribunals worldwide.

If you believe any entry in this database contains an error, please contact us at admin [at] courtready.ca. We are committed to accuracy and will review and address any concerns promptly. We are very grateful for the feedback from Annette L. Demers, Reference Librarian at the University of Windsor, Faculty of Law, on how to make this database more user friendly.

Cette recherche est dirigée par Tom Macintosh Zheng, ancien avocat en litige commercial à Toronto et cofondateur de Courtready.

L’hallucination par l’IA est un problème mondial. Consultez la base de données de Damien Charlotin pour voir comment ce problème touche les cours et tribunaux du monde entier.

Si vous croyez qu’une entrée de cette base de données contient une erreur, veuillez communiquer avec nous à admin [at] courtready.ca. Nous accordons une grande importance à l’exactitude des données et nous examinerons toute préoccupation dans les plus brefs délais. Nous sommes très reconnaissants des commentaires d’Annette L. Demers, bibliothécaire de référence à la Faculté de droit de l’Université de Windsor, sur les façons de rendre cette base de données plus conviviale.

How We SearchComment nous cherchons

We have compiled this database through systematic and manual searches of reported decisions published by the Canadian Legal Information Institute (CanLII). We run daily searches across all Canadian courts and tribunals using two categories of search terms.

The first category targets judicial language indicating that a cited authority could not be verified. These searches use proximity operators to identify decisions where terms such as “cannot find,” “unable to locate,” or “unable to find” appear near words like “case,” “citation,” “authority,” or “decision.” These keywords capture decisions where an adjudicator has noted that a cited case does not appear to exist, regardless of whether the adjudicator attributed the issue to artificial intelligence.

The second category targets decisions that explicitly discuss the use of artificial intelligence in legal proceedings, using terms such as “artificial intelligence,” “generative AI,” and “gen-ai.”

Nous avons constitué cette base de données au moyen de recherches systématiques et manuelles dans les décisions publiées par l’Institut canadien d’information juridique (CanLII). Chaque jour, nous effectuons des recherches dans l’ensemble des tribunaux judiciaires et administratifs du Canada en utilisant deux catégories de termes de recherche.

La première catégorie vise les formulations judiciaires indiquant qu’une autorité citée n’a pas pu être vérifiée. Ces recherches utilisent des opérateurs de proximité afin de repérer les décisions dans lesquelles des expressions telles que « impossible de trouver », « impossible de localiser » ou « incapable de trouver » apparaissent à proximité de mots comme « cause », « citation », « autorité » ou « décision ». Ces mots-clés permettent de repérer les décisions dans lesquelles un juge ou un décideur a constaté qu’une cause citée ne semble pas exister, que le problème ait été ou non attribué à l’utilisation de l’intelligence artificielle.

La deuxième catégorie vise les décisions qui abordent explicitement l’utilisation de l’intelligence artificielle dans des procédures juridiques, à l’aide de termes tels que « intelligence artificielle », « IA générative » et « gen-AI ».

How We VerifyComment nous vérifions

The decisions responsive to the search terms are reviewed individually to confirm the presence of fictitious citations. Relevant data that make their way onto the database are extracted directly from the decision itself. A PDF of the decision is next to each entry for transparency and public verification.

Les décisions repérées à partir de ces termes de recherche sont examinées individuellement afin de confirmer la présence de citations fictives. Les données pertinentes intégrées à la base de données sont extraites directement de la décision elle-même. Un fichier PDF de la décision est placé à côté de chaque entrée afin d’assurer la transparence et la vérification publique.

Coverage and LimitationsPortée et limites

We have designed this methodology to be comprehensive within reported decisions published on CanLII. Any case in which a Canadian court or tribunal identified a fictitious citation using language captured by our search terms will surface in our results and be published in our database. We record each decision as a separate entry. Where the same parties appear in multiple proceedings, we count each decision independently because each one reflects a distinct judicial finding. A later decision that only sets out the sanction for an earlier finding is not listed as a separate entry: it is recorded as the sanction for that earlier decision.

This database does not represent an exhaustive record of all fictitious citations in Canadian legal proceedings. Our research does not extend to decisions before January 1, 2024. Lastly, this database documents judicial findings. We do not take a position on how or why any citation came to be included in a filing, nor do we draw any inference about the individuals involved beyond what is expressly stated in the decision itself.

Nous avons conçu cette méthodologie afin qu’elle soit exhaustive à l’égard des décisions publiées sur CanLII. Toute affaire dans laquelle un tribunal judiciaire ou administratif canadien a identifié une citation fictive à l’aide d’un langage correspondant à nos termes de recherche apparaîtra dans nos résultats et sera publiée dans notre base de données. Nous inscrivons chaque décision comme une entrée distincte. Lorsque les mêmes parties figurent dans plusieurs instances, nous comptons chaque décision de façon indépendante, car chacune constitue une conclusion judiciaire distincte. Une décision ultérieure qui ne fait que fixer la sanction d’une conclusion antérieure n’est pas inscrite comme une entrée distincte : elle est consignée comme la sanction de cette décision antérieure.

Cette base de données ne constitue pas un recensement exhaustif de toutes les citations fictives dans les procédures juridiques au Canada. Nos recherches ne couvrent pas les décisions rendues avant le 1er janvier 2024. Enfin, cette base de données documente les constats formulés par les tribunaux. Nous ne prenons aucune position quant à la manière ou à la raison pour laquelle une citation a été incluse dans un document déposé, et nous ne tirons aucune conclusion au sujet des personnes concernées au-delà de ce qui est expressément indiqué dans la décision elle-même.

How Sanctions Are RecordedComment les sanctions sont consignées

Each decision is linked to the decision that sets out its sanction. Usually that is the decision itself; sometimes it is a later ruling, such as a costs decision or a law society proceeding. Each sanction decision is counted once, even when it covers more than one decision.

Outcomes are recorded in three categories. Serious covers costs orders, referrals to a regulator, struck materials, contempt, denied or reduced costs, and other material consequences. Warning covers an admonishment or caution with no further consequence. No recorded sanction means the court or tribunal identified the problem but imposed no sanction.

Costs are recorded at the amount stated in the decision. Orders of an unknown amount count as serious sanctions but are left out of the costs totals. Law society proceedings are marked as disciplinary.

Chaque décision est reliée à la décision qui en fixe la sanction. Il s’agit habituellement de la décision elle-même; parfois, c’est une décision ultérieure, comme une décision sur les dépens ou une instance devant un barreau. Chaque décision de sanction est comptée une seule fois, même lorsqu’elle vise plus d’une décision.

Les issues sont classées en trois catégories. Sévère comprend les condamnations aux dépens, les renvois à un organisme de réglementation, les documents radiés, l’outrage au tribunal, les dépens refusés ou réduits et les autres conséquences importantes. Avertissement comprend une réprimande ou une mise en garde sans autre conséquence. Aucune sanction consignée signifie que la cour ou le tribunal a relevé le problème sans imposer de sanction.

Les dépens sont consignés au montant indiqué dans la décision. Les ordonnances d’un montant inconnu sont comptées comme des sanctions sévères, mais ne sont pas incluses dans les totaux des dépens. Les instances devant un barreau sont indiquées comme disciplinaires.

How to Cite This DatabaseComment citer cette base de données

If you cite this database in academic research, court filings, or news articles, three citation formats are provided below. Click “Copy” next to any format to copy it to your clipboard.

McGill Guide 9th ed.
Tom Macintosh Zheng, AI Hallucinated Cases in Canadian Courts: Database of Fictitious Citations (Toronto: Courtready, 2026), online: <https://courtready.ca/fictitious-citations-in-canadian-courts/> [accessed ].
APA 7th ed.
Zheng, T. M. (2026). AI hallucinated cases in Canadian courts: Database of fictitious citations. Courtready. https://courtready.ca/fictitious-citations-in-canadian-courts/
BibTeX
@misc{zheng2026hallucinated,
  author = {Zheng, Tom Macintosh},
  title = {{AI Hallucinated Cases in Canadian Courts: Database of Fictitious Citations}},
  year = {2026},
  publisher = {Courtready},
  address = {Toronto},
  url = {https://courtready.ca/fictitious-citations-in-canadian-courts/},
  note = {Accessed: }
}

If you cite this database in a court filing, law review article, news story, or research paper, we’d love to hear about it. Email tom [at] courtready.ca.

Si vous citez cette base de données dans des travaux de recherche, des dossiers judiciaires ou des articles de presse, trois formats de citation sont fournis ci-dessous. Cliquez sur « Copier » à côté d’un format pour le copier dans votre presse-papiers.

Guide McGill, 9e éd.
Tom Macintosh Zheng, Cas hallucinés par l’IA dans les tribunaux canadiens : base de données des citations fictives (Toronto : Courtready, 2026), en ligne : <https://courtready.ca/fictitious-citations-in-canadian-courts/> [consulté le ].
APA, 7e éd.
Zheng, T. M. (2026). Cas hallucinés par l’IA dans les tribunaux canadiens : base de données des citations fictives. Courtready. https://courtready.ca/fictitious-citations-in-canadian-courts/
BibTeX
@misc{zheng2026hallucinated,
  author = {Zheng, Tom Macintosh},
  title = {{AI Hallucinated Cases in Canadian Courts: Database of Fictitious Citations}},
  year = {2026},
  publisher = {Courtready},
  address = {Toronto},
  url = {https://courtready.ca/fictitious-citations-in-canadian-courts/},
  note = {Accessed: }
}

Si vous citez cette base de données dans un dossier judiciaire, un article de revue juridique, un reportage ou un travail de recherche, nous aimerions le savoir. Écrivez à tom [at] courtready.ca.

  1. SearchChercher

    Daily searches of decisions published on CanLII, across every Canadian court and tribunal.Recherches quotidiennes dans les décisions publiées sur CanLII, dans toutes les cours et tous les tribunaux canadiens.

  2. VerifyVérifier

    Each decision is read in full to confirm what the court found and what it ordered.Chaque décision est lue au complet pour confirmer ce que le tribunal a relevé et ce qu’il a ordonné.

  3. RecordConsigner

    Every entry links to the decision itself, with its sanction counted once.Chaque entrée renvoie à la décision elle-même, et sa sanction est comptée une seule fois.

DisclaimerAvis

Unless otherwise specified, every citation listed in this database was described by the adjudicator as non-existent, fictitious, fabricated, or otherwise not locatable in reported case law. Citations marked with an asterisk (*) indicate that, although the adjudicator found that the cited case could not be located or does not exist, the decision does not attribute the issue to the use of artificial intelligence or make any finding about how the citation was generated.

We do not take a position on how or why (i) any citation came to be included in a filing or (ii) AI was used. We also do not attribute intent, motive, or wrongdoing to any party beyond what is expressly stated in the decision itself.

Sauf indication contraire, chaque citation énumérée dans cette base de données a été décrite par le décideur comme inexistante, fictive, fabriquée ou autrement introuvable dans la jurisprudence rapportée. Les citations marquées d’un astérisque (*) indiquent que, bien que le décideur ait conclu que la décision citée ne pouvait être trouvée ou n’existe pas, la décision n’attribue pas le problème à l’utilisation de l’intelligence artificielle et ne fait aucune constatation sur la manière dont la citation a été générée.

Nous ne prenons pas position sur la manière dont ou la raison pour laquelle (i) une citation a été incluse dans un dossier ou (ii) l’IA a été utilisée. Nous n’attribuons pas non plus d’intention, de motif ou de faute à une partie au-delà de ce qui est expressément énoncé dans la décision elle-même.

This database is provided for public legal education purposes only and does not constitute legal advice.

Cette base de données est fournie à des fins d’éducation juridique publique uniquement et ne constitue pas un avis juridique.

Complete Index (271 Decisions)Index complet (271 décisions)Plain-text list of every decision and its sanction, for search engines and screen readers. Select to expand.Liste en texte brut de chaque décision et de sa sanction, pour les moteurs de recherche et les lecteurs d’écran. Sélectionnez pour développer.

Sorted by decision date, newest first. An asterisk (*) means the decision makes no finding that AI was used.

  1. De Lira Nunez v. Canada (Citizenship and Immigration), 2026 CanLII 107995 (FC) — Federal Court, October 14, 2026 (para. 9). Other AI Misuse: Undeclared use of generative AI when drafting legal submissions. Self-represented party. Sanction: No Recorded Sanction.
  2. 1182573 B.C. Ltd. v Gerber, 2026 BCCA 399 — Court of Appeal of British Columbia, October 7, 2026 (para. 79). Other AI Misuse: Allegations of AI-generated legal submissions. Self-represented party. Sanction: Warning, at para. 80.
  3. Fuchs-Aubé v. Transport Norpel inc., 2026 QCCS 3730 — Superior Court of Quebec, October 7, 2026 (para. 21). Other AI Misuse: Using AI to determine damages owed by the plaintiff. Self-represented party. Sanction: Serious (The lawsuit was declared as abusive in part due to the plaintiff’s use of generative AI), at para. 67.
  4. Droit de la famille — 261553, 2026 QCCA 1300 — Court of Appeal of Quebec, October 1, 2026 (para. 28). Fictitious citation: Fictitious Citations Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision.. Self-represented party. Sanction: Serious (Costs ordered in part due to having filed AI-hallucinated cases in legal submissions), at para. 31.
  5. Ahmed v. Canada (Citizenship and Immigration), 2026 FC 1202 — Federal Court, September 28, 2026 (para. 11). Fictitious citations: Kazi v Canada (Citizenship and Immigration), 2015 FC 1140; Lopez Velasco v Canada (Citizenship and Immigration), 2011 FC 1290; Olarewaju v Canada (Citizenship and Immigration), 2003 FC 1294; Saint-Vil v Canada (Citizenship and Immigration), 2018 FC 644; Yuan v Canada (Citizenship and Immigration), 2018 FC 155. Represented party. Sanction: Warning, at para. 14.
  6. Lo v. The Owners, Strata Plan LMS4555, 2026 BCCRT 1357 — Civil Resolution Tribunal of British Columbia, September 23, 2026 (para. 10). Fictitious citation: Strata Plan NW 2772 v. Chen, 2021 BCCRT 543*. Self-represented party. Sanction: No Recorded Sanction.
  7. Goel v. Canada (Public Safety and Emergency Preparedness), 2026 CanLII 98679 (FC) — Federal Court, September 22, 2026 (para. 11). Fictitious citation: Fictitious Citations Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision.. Represented party. Sanction: No Recorded Sanction.
  8. Dirir c. Conseil des écoles publiques de l’est de l’Ontario, 2026 TDPO 1450 — Human Rights Tribunal of Ontario, September 21, 2026 (para. 40). Fictitious citation: Fictitious Citations Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision.. Self-represented party. Sanction: Serious (Potential dismissal of case if the party continues to submit documents containing inaccuracies), at para. 45.
  9. B.V. v. Ramanah, 2026 HRTO 1412 — Human Rights Tribunal of Ontario, September 15, 2026 (para. 33). Fictitious citation: Fictitious Citations Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision.. Self-represented party. Sanction: Warning, at para. 34.
  10. Jamieson v Halifax Regional Centre for Education, 2026 NSLB 131 — Labour Board of Nova Scotia, September 15, 2026 (para. 37). Fictitious citation: Wootton v. Nova Scotia (Department of Labour), Nova Scotia Labour Board Decision 2209*. Self-represented party. Sanction: Warning, at para. 40.
  11. A2502403 (Re), 2026 CanLII 101587 (BC WCAT) — Workers’ Compensation Appeal Tribunal of British Columbia, September 14, 2026 (para. 6). Hallucinated Law: Hallucinated proposition of law generated by AI. Self-represented party. Sanction: No Recorded Sanction.
  12. Kevin Huggins v Red Lobster, 2026 CanLII 103058 (ON LRB) — Labour Relations Board of Ontario, September 14, 2026 (para. 35). Other AI Misuse: Unintelligible AI-generated material. Self-represented party. Sanction: No Recorded Sanction.
  13. Bohn v Construction Workers Union, CLAC Local 63, 2026 ALRB 110 — Labour Relations Board of Alberta, September 11, 2026 (para. 9). Fictitious citation: Fictitious Citations Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision.. Self-represented party. Sanction: No Recorded Sanction.
  14. Furtado v. Metropolitan Toronto Condominium Corporation No. 914, 2026 ONCAT 175 — Condominium Authority Tribunal of Ontario, September 11, 2026 (para. 21). Other AI Misuse: Repeated filing of AI-generated legal submissions. Self-represented party. Sanction: Serious (Costs ordered in part due to repeated use of artificial intelligence), at para. 23.
  15. Kostic v Scott Venturo Rudakoff LLP, 2026 ABKB 626 — Court of King’s Bench of Alberta, September 9, 2026 (para. 139). Fictitious citations: Fitzerald v The Co-operators General Insurance Company, 2014 ABCA 106*; Glenmore v Western Canadian Properties, 2019 ABCA 253*; Renaud v The Mutual Fire Insurance Co of British Columbia, 2002 BCCA 378*. Self-represented party. Sanction: No Recorded Sanction. Please note that the party in question disputes the characterization of their conduct in the relevant decision.
  16. Piikani Nation v Raymond James Ltd., 2026 ABKB 622 — Court of King’s Bench of Alberta, September 9, 2026 (para. 507). Fictitious citation: Katz v Heller, 2013 ABQB 275*. Self-represented party. Sanction: Warning, at para. 507. Please note that the party in question disputes the characterization of their conduct in the relevant decision.
  17. Owings v Campbell, 2026 BCSC 1872 — Supreme Court of British Columbia, September 2, 2026 (para. 18). Hallucinated Law: Hallucinated proposition of law generated by AI. Self-represented party. Sanction: No Recorded Sanction.
  18. Fleming v. The Owners, Strata Plan LMS 4383, 2026 BCCRT 1266 — Civil Resolution Tribunal of British Columbia, August 31, 2026 (para. 10). Fictitious citation: Fictitious Citations Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision.. Self-represented party. Sanction: No Recorded Sanction.
  19. United Food and Commercial Workers Canada Union, Local No. 401 v 1074867 ALBERTA LTD., 2026 ALRB 107 — Labour Relations Board of Alberta, August 28, 2026 (para. 18). Fictitious citation: Fictitious Citations Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision.. Self-represented party. Sanction: No Recorded Sanction.
  20. Abanilla v. Walia, 2026 BCCRT 1236 — Civil Resolution Tribunal of British Columbia, August 25, 2026 (para. 22). Fictitious citation: Fictitious Citations Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision.. Self-represented party. Sanction: No Recorded Sanction.
  21. Kenneth v. Canada (Citizenship and Immigration), 2026 FC 1086 — Federal Court, August 24, 2026 (para. 18). Fictitious citation: Nasir v Canada (Citizenship and Immigration), 2016 FC 1144. Represented party. Sanction: No Recorded Sanction.
  22. A2601612 (Re), 2026 CanLII 101720 (BC WCAT) — Workers’ Compensation Appeal Tribunal of British Columbia, August 19, 2026 (para. 20). Fictitious citation: Hallucinated Sections of WCAT’s Manual of Rules of Practice and Procedure. Self-represented party. Sanction: Warning, at para. 22.
  23. A2501117 (Re), 2026 CanLII 101688 (BC WCAT) — Workers’ Compensation Appeal Tribunal of British Columbia, August 13, 2026 (para. 33). Fictitious citation: Parker v. WorkSafeBC*. Self-represented party. Sanction: No Recorded Sanction.
  24. Arbuckle v. Tanner, 2026 NSCA 62 — Court of Appeal of Nova Scotia, August 12, 2026 (para. 3). Other AI Misuse: Altering transcripts of the lower court proceedings with artificial intelligence. Self-represented party. Sanction: Serious (Costs ordered in part due to having altered transcripts from lower court proceedings with artificial intelligence), at para. 42.
  25. Droit de la famille — 261234, 2026 QCCA 1092 — Court of Appeal of Quebec, August 11, 2026 (para. 21). Fictitious citation: Fictitious Citations Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision.. Self-represented party. Sanction: Serious (Costs of $1,000), at para. 36.
  26. 2509-06133 (Re), 2026 ONSBT 3073 — Social Benefits Tribunal of Ontario, August 10, 2026 (para. 9). Fictitious citation: Fictitious Citations Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision.. Self-represented party. Sanction: Warning, at para. 10.
  27. A2501881 (Re), 2026 CanLII 101469 (BC WCAT) — Workers’ Compensation Appeal Tribunal of British Columbia, August 6, 2026 (para. 53). Fictitious citation: Fictitious Citations Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision.. Self-represented party. Sanction: Warning, at para. 53.
  28. Guertin-Giroux v. Delrue, 2026 QCTAL 26414 — Tribunal Administratif du Logement of Quebec, August 6, 2026 (para. 379). Fictitious citation: Fictitious Citations Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision.. Self-represented party. Sanction: Warning, at para. 380.
  29. X c. Centre de services scolaire de Montréal, 2026 QCCAI 261 — Access to Information Commission of Quebec, August 3, 2026 (para. 32). Fictitious citation: Fictitious Citations Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision.. Self-represented party. Sanction: Warning, at para. 34.
  30. Laboucane v. ICBC, 2026 BCCRT 1135 — Civil Resolution Tribunal of British Columbia, July 30, 2026 (para. 17). Hallucinated Law: Hallucinated proposition of law generated by AI. Self-represented party. Sanction: No Recorded Sanction.
  31. Toronto Standard Condominium Corporation No. 2143 v. Robibaro, 2026 ONCAT 138 — Condominium Authority Tribunal of Ontario, July 28, 2026 (para. 30). Fictitious citation: Waterloo Standard Condominium Corporation No. 697 v. Bugeja (Ontario Superior Court). Self-represented party. Sanction: Warning, at para. 27.
  32. Brantford (City) v. Doolittle, 2026 ONCJ 440 — Court of Justice of Ontario, July 24, 2026 (para. 27). Other AI Misuse: Allegations of AI-generated legal submissions. Self-represented party. Sanction: Serious (Restriction on further AI use), at para. 27.
  33. Yoon v. The Owners, Strata Plan NW86, 2026 BCCRT 1107 — Civil Resolution Tribunal of British Columbia, July 24, 2026 (para. 11). Fictitious citation: Fictitious Citations Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision.. Self-represented party. Sanction: No Recorded Sanction.
  34. Canada (Commission des droits de la personne) c. Canada (Procureur général), 2026 CF 993 — Federal Court, July 23, 2026 (para. 83). Fictitious citation: Fictitious Citations Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision. The Court noted that 45 of 62 citations were fictitious.. Self-represented party. Sanction: Serious (Costs of $500), at para. 101.
  35. Goel v. The Minister of Citizenship and Immigration, Order of Justice Little dated July 21, 2026 — Federal Court, July 21, 2026 (para. 7). Fictitious citation: Fictitious Citations Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision.. Represented party. Sanction: No Recorded Sanction. Source: Kevin P. Siu of Anand & Siu LLP
  36. Giggs v. Michel (dba Soma MD Advanced Medical Aesthetics), 2026 BCCRT 1062 — Civil Resolution Tribunal of British Columbia, July 16, 2026 (para. 8). Fictitious citation: Panchal v. Singh, 2020 BCCRT 949. Self-represented party. Sanction: No Recorded Sanction.
  37. A2500038 (Re), 2026 CanLII 89025 (BC WCAT) — Workers’ Compensation Appeal Tribunal of British Columbia, July 14, 2026 (para. 21). Fictitious citation: Fictitious Citations Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision.. Self-represented party. Sanction: Warning, at para. 24.
  38. LaRue v Kent Institution (Warden), 2026 BCSC 1313 — Supreme Court of British Columbia, July 14, 2026 (para. 89). Other AI Misuse: The Court found that manufacturing a photograph through ChatGPT is not evidence. Please note that this decision is subject to further appeal. Self-represented party. Sanction: Warning, at para. 89.
  39. Kibondo Kilongozi c. Canada (Citoyenneté et Immigration), 2026 CF 928 — Federal Court, July 10, 2026 (para. 24). Fictitious citation: Stum c Canada (Ministre de la Citoyenneté et de l’Immigration), 2004 CAF 148*. Self-represented party. Sanction: No Recorded Sanction.
  40. Phantom Mfg. (Int’l) Ltd., 2026 BCEST 56 — Employment Standards Tribunal of British Columbia, July 8, 2026 (para. 20). Hallucinated Law: Hallucinated proposition of law generated by AI. Self-represented party. Sanction: Warning, at para. 21.
  41. A2502164 (Re), 2026 CanLII 89041 (BC WCAT) — Workers’ Compensation Appeal Tribunal of British Columbia, July 6, 2026 (para. 31). Fictitious citation: Fictitious Citations Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision.. Self-represented party. Sanction: Warning, at para. 31.
  42. Adeleke v. Canada (Citizenship and Immigration), 2026 FC 905 — Federal Court, July 6, 2026 (para. 22). Fictitious citation: Fictitious Citations Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision.*. Represented party. Sanction: Warning, at para. 23.
  43. 14095863 Canada Inc. v Moosehead Breweries Limited, 2026 TMOB 133 — Trademarks Opposition Board, July 3, 2026 (para. 31). Hallucinated Law: Hallucinated proposition of law generated by AI. Self-represented party. Sanction: Warning, at para. 37.
  44. Kay v Association of Academic Staff University of Alberta, 2026 ALRB 84 — Labour Relations Board of Alberta, June 30, 2026 (para. 34). Hallucinated Law: Hallucinated proposition of law generated by AI. Confirmed in 2026 ALRB 107. Self-represented party. Sanction: Warning, at para. 36.
  45. 14095863 Canada Inc. v Moosehead Breweries Limited, 2026 TMOB 122 — Trademarks Opposition Board, June 29, 2026 (para. 15). Fictitious citation: Fictitious Citations Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision.. Self-represented party. Sanction: Serious (Costs ordered in part due to having filed AI-hallucinated cases in legal submissions), at para. 22.
  46. Chilly Moose Ltd. v Moosehead Breweries Limited, 2026 TMOB 121 — Trademarks Opposition Board, June 29, 2026 (para. 26). Fictitious citation: Fictitious Citations Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision.. Self-represented party. Sanction: Serious (Costs ordered in part due to having filed AI-hallucinated cases in legal submissions), at para. 33.
  47. Moosehead Breweries Limited v 14095863 Canada Inc., 2026 TMOB 128 — Trademarks Opposition Board, June 29, 2026 (para. 115). Fictitious citation: Fictitious Citations Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision.. Self-represented party. Sanction: Serious (Costs of $5,575.40), at para. 125.
  48. Forrest v. The King, 2026 TCC 121 — Tax Court of Canada, June 26, 2026 (para. 65). Fictitious citations: Anand v. Canada, 2019 FCA 141; Beydoun v. Canada, 2018 FCA. Self-represented party. Sanction: Warning, at para. 67.
  49. Nady v. Al Sadi, 2026 ONSC 3760 — Superior Court of Justice of Ontario, June 26, 2026 (para. 25). Fictitious citation: Fictitious Citations Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision.. Self-represented party. Sanction: Serious (Costs ordered in part due to having filed AI-hallucinated cases in legal submissions), at para. 44.
  50. 2504-02909 (Re), 2026 ONSBT 2353 — Social Benefits Tribunal of Ontario, June 25, 2026 (para. 33). Hallucinated Law: Hallucinated proposition of law generated by AI. Self-represented party. Sanction: No Recorded Sanction.
  51. KA c. Retraite Québec, 2026 CanLII 68242 (QC TAQ) — Tribunal Administratif of Quebec, June 25, 2026 (para. 28). Hallucinated Law: Hallucinated proposition of law generated by AI. Self-represented party. Sanction: No Recorded Sanction.
  52. MacDonald v. Canadian Armed Forces, 2026 CHRT 67 — Canadian Human Rights Tribunal, June 23, 2026 (para. 52). Fictitious citation: Fictitious Citations Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision.. Self-represented party. Sanction: Warning, at para. 52.
  53. Haddadi et al. v. Soleimani et al., 2026 ONSC 3920 — Superior Court of Justice of Ontario, June 17, 2026 (para. 26, 27). Fictitious citations: r. 61.09(1)(d) of the Rules of Civil Procedure; Cimpan v. Koliniotis, 2018 ONCA 95. Represented party. Sanction: Serious (Costs that the party could have obtained were not ordered or reduced due to fictitious citations the party had in their submissions), at para. 28.
  54. Campbell v Reset Society of Calgary, 2026 AHRC 69 — Human Rights Tribunal of Alberta, June 16, 2026 (para. 30). Fictitious citation: Fictitious Citations Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision.. Self-represented party. Sanction: No Recorded Sanction.
  55. Saini v. Army, Navy & Air Force Veterans in Canada Owls 306, 2026 HRTO 912 — Human Rights Tribunal of Ontario, June 15, 2026 (para. 65, 66). Fictitious citations: Peart v. Peel Regional Police Services Board, 2006 ONCA 447; Stucky v. Chicken Farmers of Ontario; Kambere v. 1476392 Ontario Inc.. Self-represented party. Sanction: Warning, at para. 67.
  56. CIBC Mortgages Inc v Reina Flores, 2026 MBCA 54 — Court of Appeal of Manitoba, June 12, 2026 (para. 17). Fictitious citation: Fictitious Citations Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision.. Self-represented party. Sanction: Warning, at para. 17.
  57. Mazaheri v Law Society of Ontario, 2026 ONLSTH 112 — Law Society Tribunal of Ontario, June 12, 2026 (para. 86). Fictitious citations: Law Society of Ontario v Mercer, 2024 ONLSTH 136; Law Society of Ontario v. Kokavessis, 2020 ONLSTH 49; Law Society of Upper Canada v. Darte, 2010 ONLSHP 18; Law Society of Ontario v. Patey, 2018 ONLSTH 55; Law Society of Ontario v. Gonsalves, 2021 ONLSTH 72; Law Society of Ontario v. Tadesse, 2020 ONLSTH 88. Represented party. Sanction: Serious (Costs of $31,150), at para. 86.
  58. Otar Bennett v Trillium Health Partners, 2026 CanLII 60837 (ON LRB) — Labour Relations Board of Ontario, June 12, 2026 (para. 5). Fictitious citation: Fictitious Citations Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision.. Self-represented party. Sanction: No Recorded Sanction.
  59. A2501416 (Re), 2026 CanLII 60153 (BC WCAT) — Workers’ Compensation Appeal Tribunal of British Columbia, June 11, 2026 (para. 29). Other AI Misuse: Submitting AI search results to suggest that someone is the subject of a wrongful death lawsuit. Self-represented party. Sanction: No Recorded Sanction.
  60. Béland c. Canada (Procureur Général), 2026 CF 779 — Federal Court, June 11, 2026 (para. 7, 8). Fictitious citations: Kaweesa c Canada (Citoyenneté et Immigration), 2019 CF 134; Singh c Canada (Sécurité publique et Protection civile), 2015 CF 120; Zolotareva c Canada (Procureur général), 2020 CF 95; Khalil v Canada (Attorney General), 2012 FC 436; Mazhero v Canada (Attorney General), 2019 FC 575; Crichlow v Canada (Treasury Board), 2010 PSLRB 122; Komolafe v Canada (Minister of Citizenship and Immigration), 2013 FC 802; Baldwin v Canada (Attorney General), 2019 FC 1119. Self-represented party. Sanction: Serious (Costs of $500), at para. 19.
  61. Conrado Poblete v Ontario Public Service Employees Union, 2026 CanLII 59602 — Labour Relations Board of Ontario, June 11, 2026 (para. 2). Other AI Misuse: Unintelligible AI-generated material. Self-represented party. Sanction: Warning, at para. 5.
  62. 9232-6271 Québec inc. (Camping Ste-Justine), 2026 QCRACJ 230 — Alcohol, Racing and Gaming Commission of Quebec, June 9, 2026 (para. 14). Hallucinated Law: Hallucinated proposition of law generated by AI. Self-represented party. Sanction: Serious (Submissions struck from the Court’s record), at para. 15.
  63. Wong v. Westendorf, 2026 BCCRT 878 — Civil Resolution Tribunal of British Columbia, June 8, 2026 (para. 16). Fictitious citation: Real Estate Purchase and Sale Agreement Act. Self-represented party. Sanction: No Recorded Sanction.
  64. Djatsa c. Canada (Citoyenneté et Immigration), 2026 CF 729 — Federal Court, June 4, 2026 (para. 18). Fictitious citations: R. [c.] Canada (Ministre de l’Immigration), 2023 FC 113; Nguyen v. Canada (Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship), 2022 FC 623; Thompson v. Canada (Immigration and Refugee Board), 2022 FC 404; Khan v. Canada (Minister of Citizenship and Immigration), 2021 FC 230; Parker v. Canada (Minister of Citizenship and Immigration), 2021 FC 801; R. v. Canada (Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship), 2021 CF 870 (CanLII); Singh v. Canada (Minister of Citizenship and Immigration), 2020 FC 411; Ali v. Canada (Minister of Citizenship and Immigration), 2020 FC 204; Maharaj v. Canada (Minister of immigration), 2019 FC 1089; Vazquez v. Canada (Immigration and Refugee Board), 2019 FC 707. Self-represented party. Sanction: Serious (Materials struck from court record), at para. 34.
  65. Okogun v. Canada (Citizenship and Immigration), 2026 FC 722 — Federal Court, June 3, 2026 (para. 24, 50, 51, 52). Fictitious citations: Owusu v Canada (Minister of Citizenship and Immigration), 2009 FC 593; Kaur v Canada (Minister of Citizenship and Immigration), 2019 FC 1103; Akinfolarin v Canada (C&I), 2019 FC 1254; Tesfay v Canada (C&I), 2016 FC 1300; Mohammadian v Canada (C&I), 2017 FC 1021; Khan v Canada (C&I), 2011 FC 130. Self-represented party. Sanction: Serious (Costs of $200), at para. 61.
  66. Okogun v. Canada (Citizenship and Immigration), 2026 FC 723 — Federal Court, June 3, 2026 (para. 45). Fictitious citation: Fictitious Citations Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision.. Self-represented party. Sanction: Warning, at para. 45.
  67. Lee v. AutoCanada MR Motors GP Inc., 2026 BCCRT 854 — Civil Resolution Tribunal of British Columbia, June 2, 2026 (para. 8). Other AI Misuse: Evidence generated by AI deemed unreliable. Self-represented party. Sanction: No Recorded Sanction.
  68. Marper Holdings Limited v. Foxpark Development Corporation, 2026 ONSC 3254 — Superior Court of Justice (Commercial List) of Ontario, June 2, 2026 (para. 4). Hallucinated Law: Hallucinated proposition of law generated by AI. Self-represented party. Sanction: Warning, at para. 4.
  69. Protection de la jeunesse – 262332, 2026 QCCS 1966 — Superior Court of Quebec, June 2, 2026 (para. 63). Fictitious citation: Fictitious Citations Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision.*. Self-represented party. Sanction: Warning, at para. 63.
  70. Tefera v. University of Ottawa, 2026 ONSC 3191 — Superior Court of Justice of Ontario, June 2, 2026 (para. 18). Fictitious citation: Fictitious Citations Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision.. Self-represented party. Sanction: Serious (Costs ordered in part due to having filed AI-hallucinated cases in legal submissions), at para. 18.
  71. Wellington Hathshire Mortgage Investment Corp et al v. Russell, 2026 ONSC 3084 — Superior Court of Justice of Ontario, June 1, 2026 (para. 21). Fictitious citation: Waldick v. Penney, 2019 ONCA 201*. Represented party. Sanction: Serious (Costs that could have been obtained were (i) not ordered or (ii) reduced), at para. 39.
  72. Wyszynski v. The Owners, Strata Plan BCS1721, 2026 BCCRT 851 — Civil Resolution Tribunal of British Columbia, June 1, 2026 (para. 10). Hallucinated Law: Hallucinated proposition of law generated by AI. Self-represented party. Sanction: No Recorded Sanction.
  73. Blanes v. Stellers Jay Academy Inc., 2026 BCCRT 836 — Civil Resolution Tribunal of British Columbia, May 28, 2026 (para. 8). Fictitious citations: S.J. v. N.N., 2012 ABQB 75; Zaky v. 2285771 Ontario Inc. o/a Playtime Bowl & Entertainment, 2021 ONSC 5532. Self-represented party. Sanction: Warning, at para. 9.
  74. KH (Re), 2026 ABCJ 83 — Court of Justice of Alberta, May 28, 2026 (para. 30). Fictitious citation: Fictitious Citations Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision.. Represented party. Sanction: Serious (Referral to regulator), at para. 282.
  75. Chen v. The Owners, Strata Plan LMS3094, 2026 BCCRT 823 — Civil Resolution Tribunal of British Columbia, May 27, 2026 (para. 11). Hallucinated Law: Hallucinated proposition of law generated by AI. Self-represented party. Sanction: No Recorded Sanction.
  76. Whitaker v. The Owners, Strata Plan VIS1144, 2026 BCCRT 801 — Civil Resolution Tribunal of British Columbia, May 22, 2026 (para. 9). Fictitious citation: Fictitious Citations Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision.. Self-represented party. Sanction: No Recorded Sanction.
  77. Fazio v. Canada (Revenue Agency), 2026 FC 651 — Federal Court, May 21, 2026 (para. 91). Hallucinated Law: Hallucinated proposition of law generated by AI. Relied on AI’s suggestion to allege that opposing counsel is in contempt of court. Self-represented party. Sanction: Serious (Costs of $100 ordered for advancing an AI-suggested allegation that opposing counsel was in contempt of court), at para. 131.
  78. Sinkova v. Canada (Citizenship and Immigration), 2026 FC 650 — Federal Court, May 21, 2026 (para. 5). Fictitious citations: Abdollahzadeh v Canada (Citizenship and Immigration), 2024 FC 1361; Torkestani v Canada (Citizenship and Immigration), 2024 FC 1673; Yavari v Canada (Citizenship and Immigration), 2024 FC 1421; D’Errico v Canada (Citizenship and Immigration), 2024 FC 1419; Moghadam v Canada (Citizenship and Immigration), 2024 FC 1319; Farah v Canada (Citizenship and Immigration), 2023 FC 1385. Self-represented party. Sanction: Serious (Reply Memorandum struck from the Court’s record), at para. 14.
  79. Ontario Securities Commission v Alli, 2026 ONCMT 21 — Capital Markets Tribunal of Ontario, May 20, 2026 (para. 17). Fictitious citation: Fictitious Citations Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision.*. Self-represented party. Sanction: No Recorded Sanction.
  80. Ilyas (Re), 2026 ABSRA 1012 — SafeRoads Alberta, May 19, 2026 (para. 10). Fictitious citations: Kaur v Director (SafeRoads Tribunal)*; Sidhu v Director (SafeRoads Tribunal)*. Self-represented party. Sanction: No Recorded Sanction.
  81. Carpenters’ Regional Council, United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners of America v Eurosheds Inc., 2026 CanLII 55374 — Labour Relations Board of Ontario, May 13, 2026 (para. 5). Hallucinated Law: Hallucinated proposition of law generated by AI. Self-represented party. Sanction: No Recorded Sanction.
  82. Huggins v. United Steelworkers, Local 7135, 2026 HRTO 740 — Human Rights Tribunal of Ontario, May 13, 2026 (para. 21). Other AI Misuse: Relied on AI for legal advice and drafting of legal submissions. Self-represented party. Sanction: No Recorded Sanction.
  83. JT v. Quebec (Société de l’assurance automobile), 2026 CanLII 51702 (QC TAQ) — Tribunal Administratif of Quebec, May 12, 2026 (para. 27). Hallucinated Law: Hallucinated proposition of law generated by AI. Self-represented party. Sanction: No Recorded Sanction.
  84. Vancouver (City) (Re), 2026 BCIPC 49 — Information and Privacy Commissioner of British Columbia, May 11, 2026 (para. 127). Fabricated Quotes: Misquotes s.22(4)(i) of the Freedom of Information and Protection of Privacy Act. Self-represented party. Sanction: No Recorded Sanction.
  85. Opticiens d’ordonnances (Ordre professionnel des) c. Chartrand, 2026 QCCDOOD 4 — Order of Dispensing Opticians of Quebec, May 8, 2026 (para. 209). Fictitious citation: Mines Abcourt Inc. v. Gélinas & Oliver, 2013 QCCS 3995*. Self-represented party. Sanction: No Recorded Sanction.
  86. Yadav v Ahangama, 2026 CanLII 48313 (ON SCSM) — Small Claims Court of Ontario, May 4, 2026 (para. 71). Fictitious citation: Fictitious Citations Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision.*. Represented party. Sanction: No Recorded Sanction.
  87. A2500568 (Re), 2026 CanLII 47821 (BC WCAT) — Workers’ Compensation Appeal Tribunal of British Columbia, May 1, 2026 (para. 82). Fictitious citation: Policy C3-21.10 of the RSCM II. Represented party. Sanction: Warning, at para. 86.
  88. Carpenters’ Regional Council, United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners of America v Wealthridge Construction Ltd., 2026 CanLII 44330 (ON LRB) — Labour Relations Board of Ontario, May 1, 2026 (para. 13). Fictitious citation: Fictitious Citations Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision.. Self-represented party. Sanction: Warning, at para. 13.
  89. Morton v. Cherkaoui, 2026 BCCA 179 — Court of Appeal of British Columbia, May 1, 2026 (para. 14). Fictitious citation: Fictitious Citations Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision.. Self-represented party. Sanction: Warning, at para. 14.
  90. Abercrombie & Fitch Trading Co. v 14095863 CANADA INC., 2026 TMOB 87 — Trademarks Opposition Board, April 28, 2026 (para. 32). Fictitious citation: Fictitious Citations Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision.. Self-represented party. Sanction: Warning, at para. 33.
  91. Mazac v. Muise, 2026 NSSC 138 — Supreme Court of Nova Scotia, April 28, 2026 (para. 52). Fictitious citations: Darkallah v. Walsh, 2015 NSSM 35; Frawley v. Rawleigh, 2012 NSSC 213. Self-represented party. Sanction: Serious (Substantial indemnity costs ordered in large part due to the inclusion of fictitious citations), at para. 66.
  92. Margolles v. The Owners, Strata Plan VR 2477, 2026 BCCRT 659 — Civil Resolution Tribunal of British Columbia, April 27, 2026 (para. 8). Fictitious citation: Fictitious Citations Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision.. Self-represented party. Sanction: No Recorded Sanction.
  93. Association des ressources intermédiaires d’hébergement du Québec (ARIHQ) c. Santé Québec – Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux du Centre-Sud-de-l’Île-de-Montréal, 2026 QCCS 1360 — Superior Court of Quebec, April 22, 2026 (para. 105). Fictitious citations: Ville de Montréal c. Syndicat des cols bleus regroupés de Montréal (SCFP, section locale 301), 2005 QCCA 591; Groleau et Groupe Pages Jaunes Cie, 2011 QCCS 5386; Tremblay c. Commission scolaire de la Jonquière, 2002 CanLII 24357 (QCCA). Adjudicator. Sanction: Serious (Arbitral award annulled), at para. 122.
  94. Boonstra v Edmonton (City), 2026 ABKB 308 — Court of King’s Bench of Alberta, April 21, 2026 (para. 33). Fictitious citation: Fictitious Citations Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision.. Self-represented party. Sanction: Warning, at para. 35.
  95. Iida v. Meadow Lane Equine Clinic Ltd, 2026 BCCRT 626 — Civil Resolution Tribunal of British Columbia, April 21, 2026 (para. 26). Other AI Misuse: Evidence generated by AI dismissed in its entirety. Self-represented party. Sanction: No Recorded Sanction.
  96. 100005904337 (Re), 2026 CanLII 107034 (CA VRAB) — Federal – Veterans Review and Appeal Board of Canada, April 15, 2026 (para. 8). Fictitious citation: Veterans Affairs Canada. (2023). Entitlement Eligibility Guidelines – Eye Conditions.. Self-represented party. Sanction: No Recorded Sanction.
  97. Arora v. Canadian National Railway, 2026 CanLII 33472 (FC) — Federal Court, April 15, 2026 (para. 41). Fictitious citation: Fictitious Citations Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision.. Self-represented party. Sanction: Warning, at para. 41.
  98. Cabral v. Mancini, 2026 HRTO 570 — Human Rights Tribunal of Ontario, April 14, 2026 (para. 13). Other AI Misuse: Relied on AI-generated legal advice. Self-represented party. Sanction: No Recorded Sanction.
  99. H.B. v. Conseil des écoles publiques de l’Est de l’Ontario, 2026 HRTO 571 — Human Rights Tribunal of Ontario, April 14, 2026 (para. 13). Fictitious citation: Shah v. Toronto DSB, 2021 HRTO 342. Self-represented party. Sanction: Warning, at para. 19.
  100. Langen v. The Owners, Strata Plan EPS5455, 2026 BCCRT 590 — Civil Resolution Tribunal of British Columbia, April 14, 2026 (para. 11). Fabricated Quotes: Fabricated quotes from a real decision. Hallucinated proposition of law generated by AI. Self-represented party. Sanction: No Recorded Sanction.
  101. Lloyd’s Register Canada Ltd. v. Choi, 2026 FC 464 — Federal Court, April 9, 2026 (para. 31). Fictitious citation: Fictitious Citations Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision.. Self-represented party. Sanction: Serious (Declared as a vexatious litigant in part due to AI misuse), at para. 1.
  102. Decision No. 353/24R, 2026 ONWSIAT 374 — Workplace Safety and Insurance Appeals Tribunal of Ontario, April 7, 2026 (para. 27). Fictitious citations: Robert v. WSIAT; Curtis v. WSIAT. Represented party. Sanction: Warning, at para. 33.
  103. 9525-1260 Quebec inc. c. Donato, 2026 QCCS 1142 — Superior Court of Quebec, April 2, 2026 (para. 11). Fictitious citation: Fictitious Citations Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision.. Self-represented party. Sanction: Warning, at para. 11.
  104. AGC v Registrar of Land Titles, 2026 YKSC 23 — Supreme Court of Yukon, April 2, 2026 (para. 33). Other AI Misuse: Undisclosed submission of AI-generated materials. Self-represented party. Sanction: Warning, at para. 33.
  105. Galang v Canada (Attorney General), 2026 BCSC 564 — Supreme Court of British Columbia, March 31, 2026 (para. 28). Fictitious citation: Fictitious Citations Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision.. Self-represented party. Sanction: Warning, at para. 29.
  106. Côté et Placements JF Desgagné inc., 2026 QCTAT 1311 — Tribunal Administratif du Travail of Quebec, March 26, 2026 (para. 21). Other AI Misuse: Evidence generated by AI dismissed in its entirety. Self-represented party. Sanction: Warning, at para. 22.
  107. Iyer v Nazir, 2026 ABCA 92 — Court of Appeal of Alberta, March 23, 2026 (para. 19). Fictitious citation: Fictitious Citations Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision.. Self-represented party. Sanction: Warning, at para. 19.
  108. Singh v Director of the Residential Tenancy Branch, 2026 BCSC 627 — Supreme Court of British Columbia, March 23, 2026 (para. 13). Hallucinated Law: Hallucinated proposition of law generated by AI. Self-represented party. Sanction: No Recorded Sanction.
  109. Masih v Canada (Citizenship and Immigration), 2026 CanLII 58818 — Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada, March 20, 2026 (para. 3). Fictitious citation: Fictitious Citations Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision.*. Represented party. Sanction: No Recorded Sanction.
  110. National Indigenous Fisheries Institute v. Canada (Fisheries and Oceans), 2026 FC 382 — Federal Court, March 20, 2026 (para. 48). Fictitious citations: Canada (Minister of Citizenship and Immigration) v. R. (2006), 54 Admin. L.R. (4th) 151 (FCA); Borden Ladner Gervais LLP v. Canada (Minister of Citizenship and Immigration), 2015 FC 438; Federal Express Canada Inc. v. Canada (Public Safety and Emergency Preparedness), 2013 FCA 257; Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada v. Imperial Oil Limited, 2011 FC 728. Represented party. Sanction: Serious (Costs of an unknown amount, paid by counsel), at para. 63.
  111. Salah v. Peel Condominium Corporation No. 168, 2026 ONCAT 53 — Condominium Authority Tribunal of Ontario, March 19, 2026 (para. 7). Fictitious citation: Fictitious Citations Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision.. Self-represented party. Sanction: Warning, at para. 7.
  112. PL v Minister of Employment and Social Development, 2026 SST 248 — Social Security Tribunal of Canada, March 17, 2026 (para. 89). Fictitious citation: Fictitious Citations Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision.. Self-represented party. Sanction: No Recorded Sanction.
  113. Re Reza Khoshnik, 2026 ONSC 1581 — Superior Court of Justice of Ontario, March 16, 2026 (para. 53). Fictitious citation: Fictitious Citations Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision.. Represented party. Sanction: Serious (Costs contemplated), at para. 174.
  114. Law Society of Alberta v Tiwana, 2026 ABLS 7 — Law Society of Alberta, March 12, 2026 (para. 25). Fictitious citation: Fictitious Citations Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision.. Self-represented party. Sanction: Serious (Costs of an unknown amount), at para. 24.
  115. Krivaia v Hungerford, 2026 BCSC 408 — Supreme Court of British Columbia, March 11, 2026 (para. 81). Fictitious citation: Fictitious Citations Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision.. Self-represented party. Sanction: Serious (Costs ordered on a higher scale in part due to having filed AI-hallucinated cases in legal submissions), set out in Krivaia v Hungerford, 2026 BCSC 827 at para. 32.
  116. QM v RM, 2026 ABKB 185 — Court of King’s Bench of Alberta, March 11, 2026 (para. 70). Fictitious citation: Fictitious Citations Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision.. Self-represented party. Sanction: Serious (Costs at an enhanced scale ordered), at para. 70.
  117. Kapahi Real Estate Inc. v. Elite Real Estate Club of Toronto Inc., 2026 ONSC 1438 — Superior Court of Justice of Ontario, March 10, 2026 (para. 24). Fabricated Quotes: Fabricated quotes from a real decision. Hallucinated proposition of law generated by AI. Represented party. Sanction: Serious (Referral to regulator), at para. 51.
  118. Siemens v. The Owners, Strata Plan EPS3699, 2026 BCCRT 401 — Civil Resolution Tribunal of British Columbia, March 10, 2026 (para. 31). Fictitious citation: Fictitious Citations Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision.. Self-represented party. Sanction: No Recorded Sanction.
  119. Miao v. Bouchard, 2026 BCCRT 384 — Civil Resolution Tribunal of British Columbia, March 9, 2026 (para. 21). Fictitious citation: Non-existent rule under Real Estate Services Rules. Self-represented party. Sanction: No Recorded Sanction.
  120. Thabize c. Immobilière Montérégienne IMR Inc., 2026 QCTAL 7284 — Tribunal Administratif du Logement of Quebec, March 6, 2026 (para. 20). Fictitious citation: Événtail Habitation inc. c. X, 2023 QCTAL 150. Self-represented party. Sanction: No Recorded Sanction.
  121. Gray v. Canada (Attorney General), 2026 FC 306 — Federal Court, March 5, 2026 (para. 11). Fictitious citation: Fictitious Citations Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision.. Self-represented party. Sanction: Warning, at para. 11.
  122. Asey v. The Association of Justice Counsel, 2026 HRTO 367 — Human Rights Tribunal of Ontario, March 3, 2026 (para. 6). Fictitious citation: Fictitious Citations Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision.. Self-represented party. Sanction: Warning, at para. 6.
  123. Makongo v. Montpetit, 2026 QCCQ 746 — Court of Quebec, March 3, 2026 (para. 41). Fictitious citations: Toronto-Dominion Bank v. Phillips, Houlden & Co. Ltd. , 1984 CanLII 20 (SCC) , [1984] 1 SCR 536; National Bank of Canada v. Dufour , 2015 QCCQ 6767; Prévost inc. v. City of Montreal , 2001 CanLII 20689 (QC CA); Caisse populaire Desjardins de Val-Brillant v. Blouin , 2003 CanLII 37430 (QCCA). Self-represented party. Sanction: Serious (Costs of $800), at para. 98.
  124. Chun v Vancouver Whitecaps FC LP, 2026 BCSC 566 — Supreme Court of British Columbia, March 2, 2026 (para. 26). Fictitious citation: Fictitious Citations Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision.. Self-represented party. Sanction: No Recorded Sanction.
  125. Maruta v. Mahon, 2026 HRTO 356 — Human Rights Tribunal of Ontario, March 2, 2026 (para. 17). Fictitious citation: Fictitious Citations Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision.. Self-represented party. Sanction: Warning, at para. 17.
  126. Re Gary Man Kin Ng, 2026 ONSC 1418 — Superior Court of Justice (Commercial List) of Ontario, March 2, 2026 (para. 14). Fictitious citation: Galty B.V. (Re), 2021 ONSC 7250. Self-represented party. Sanction: Warning, at para. 92.
  127. White v. The Owners, Strata Plan BCS3946, 2026 BCCRT 339 — Civil Resolution Tribunal of British Columbia, February 27, 2026 (para. 9). Fictitious citation: Fictitious Citations Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision.. Self-represented party. Sanction: No Recorded Sanction.
  128. Kennedy v. Condominium Authority of Ontario, 2026 HRTO 299 — Human Rights Tribunal of Ontario, February 19, 2026 (para. 21). Hallucinated Law: Hallucinated proposition of law generated by AI. Self-represented party. Sanction: No Recorded Sanction.
  129. Droit de la famille — 26184, 2026 QCCS 666 — Superior Court of Quebec, February 18, 2026 (para. 36). Fictitious citation: Fictitious Citations Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision.. Self-represented party. Sanction: Warning, at para. 37.
  130. 14095863 Canada Inc. v Abercrombie & Fitch Trading Co., 2026 TMOB 28 — Trademarks Opposition Board, February 17, 2026 (para. 12). Fictitious citation: Fictitious Citations Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision.. Self-represented party. Sanction: Warning, at para. 12, 13.
  131. 14095863 Canada Inc. v Abercrombie & Fitch Trading Co., 2026 TMOB 29 — Trademarks Opposition Board, February 17, 2026 (para. 11). Fictitious citation: Fictitious Citations Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision.*. Self-represented party. Sanction: Warning, at para. 11, 12.
  132. HDO v MDF, 2026 ABCA 45 — Court of Appeal of Alberta, February 17, 2026 (para. 19). Fictitious citation: Fictitious Citations Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision.. Self-represented party. Sanction: Warning, at para. 19.
  133. Paul Greco v Abercrombie & Fitch Trading Co., 2026 TMOB 30 — Trademarks Opposition Board, February 17, 2026 (para. 14). Fictitious citation: Fictitious Citations Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision.*. Self-represented party. Sanction: Warning, at para. 14, 15.
  134. Deblois c. Canada (Procureur général), 2026 CF 218 — Federal Court, February 16, 2026 (para. 35). Fictitious citation: Fictitious Citations Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision.*. Self-represented party. Sanction: No Recorded Sanction.
  135. Mazaheri v Law Society of Ontario, 2026 ONLSTH 33 — Law Society Tribunal of Ontario, February 12, 2026 (para. 61). Fictitious citation: Fictitious Citations Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision.. Represented party. Sanction: Serious (Costs contemplated), at para. 68.
  136. Vance v. Ontario (Provincial Police), 2026 HRTO 273 — Human Rights Tribunal of Ontario, February 12, 2026 (para. 13). Fictitious citation: Campbell v. Ontario (Community Safety and Correctional Services), 2013 HRTO 119*. Self-represented party. Sanction: No Recorded Sanction.
  137. Alamleh c. R., 2026 QCCS 416 — Superior Court of Quebec, February 11, 2026 (para. 8). Fictitious citation: Fictitious Citations Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision.. Self-represented party. Sanction: Warning, at para. 14.
  138. Garrick v Halton Police Board, 2026 ONSC 802 — Superior Court of Justice of Ontario, February 10, 2026 (para. 29). Fictitious citation: Fictitious Citations Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision.. Self-represented party. Sanction: Warning, at para. 29.
  139. Seidu v. Canada (Citizenship and Immigration), 2026 FC 185 — Federal Court, February 10, 2026 (para. 27). Fictitious citation: Fictitious Citations Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision.. Represented party. Sanction: Warning, at para. 27, 28.
  140. Applicant v. College of Physicians and Surgeons of British Columbia (No. 2), 2026 BCHPRB 25 — Health Professions Review Board of British Columbia, February 5, 2026 (para. FN1). Fictitious citations: Singh v. CPSBC (2009 BCSC)*; Patel v. CPSBC (2011 BCCA)*. Self-represented party. Sanction: No Recorded Sanction.
  141. Zeng v Zuo, 2026 BCSC 188 — Supreme Court of British Columbia, February 5, 2026 (para. 100). Other AI Misuse: Allegations of AI-generated legal submissions. Self-represented party. Sanction: Warning, at para. 100.
  142. Cyprian c Canada (Citoyenneté et Immigration), 2026 CanLII 81608 (CA CISR) — Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada, February 4, 2026 (para. 11). Fictitious citation: Fictitious Citations Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision.. Represented party. Sanction: No Recorded Sanction.
  143. RSR Road Surface Recycling v Bonnechere Excavating et al., 2026 ONSC 698 — Superior Court of Justice of Ontario, February 4, 2026 (para. 39). Fabricated Quotes: Fabricated quotes from a real decision. Hallucinated proposition of law generated by AI. Represented party. Sanction: Serious (Costs contemplated), at para. 41.
  144. Labourers’ International Union of North America, Local 1059 v 519 London Excavating Inc., 2026 CanLII 8474 — Labour Relations Board of Ontario, January 30, 2026 (para. 13). Other AI Misuse: AI-generated submissions did not contain neutral citation numbers for decision cited. Self-represented party. Sanction: No Recorded Sanction.
  145. Rasko v. ICBC, 2026 BCCRT 162 — Civil Resolution Tribunal of British Columbia, January 30, 2026 (para. 25). Fictitious citation: Brown v. Swanson, 2021 BCSC 698*. Self-represented party. Sanction: No Recorded Sanction.
  146. Howse v. Coulton, 2026 BCCRT 153 — Civil Resolution Tribunal of British Columbia, January 29, 2026 (para. 13). Fictitious citation: Re MacKinnon, 2016 BCCA 111. Self-represented party. Sanction: No Recorded Sanction.
  147. Ivanov v Kiselman, 2026 CanLII 87466 (ON SCSM) — Small Claims Court of Ontario, January 29, 2026 (para. 15, 18, 21, 23, 26, 28, 32). Fictitious citations: Section 13 of the Statute of Frauds RSO 1990, c. S.19; Sandler v. Goldstein, 2007 ONCA 153; Sutton Group Admiral Realty Inc. v. Taborovska, 2021 ONSC 1747; Re/Max Realtron Realty Inc. v. Hogue, 2003 CanLII 52184 (ONSC); Royal LePage Real Estate Services Ltd. v. 2161792 Ontario Inc., 2020 ONSC 4785; Sutton Group Incentive Realty Inc. v. Klundert, 2014 ONSC 7395; Westmerc Commercial Properties Ltd. v. MacDonald, 1998 CanLII 14941 (ONSC). Represented party. Sanction: Serious (Costs of $2,000, paid by counsel personally), at para. 57.
  148. Raza v. Canada (Attorney General), 2026 FC 130 — Federal Court, January 28, 2026 (para. 23). Fictitious citations: Pearson v Canada (Attorney General), 2022 FC 774*; Vetrici v Canada (Attorney General), 2021 FC 1191*; Sjogren v Canada (Attorney General), 2022 FC 1352*. Self-represented party. Sanction: No Recorded Sanction.
  149. Davidson v PCL Constructors Inc., 2026 AHRC 15 — Human Rights Tribunal of Alberta, January 27, 2026 (para. 35). Fictitious citation: AHRC v. Alberta (Aboriginal Affairs), 2011 ABQB 56*. Self-represented party. Sanction: No Recorded Sanction.
  150. Gu v Fogler Rubinoff, 2026 ONSC 466 — Superior Court of Justice of Ontario, January 23, 2026 (para. 24). Fictitious citation: Fictitious Citations Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision.. Self-represented party. Sanction: Serious (Costs that could have been obtained were (i) not ordered or (ii) reduced), at para. 23, 24, 25.
  151. Pellegrino v. York Condominium Corporation No. 486, 2026 ONCAT 5 — Condominium Authority Tribunal of Ontario, January 20, 2026 (para. 20). Fictitious citation: Wu v TSCC 1754, 2021 ONCAT 63*. Self-represented party. Sanction: Warning, at para. 20.
  152. Waddell (Re), 2026 ONSC 387 — Superior Court of Justice (Commercial List) of Ontario, January 20, 2026 (para. 68). Other AI Misuse: AI-generated submissions did not contain neutral citation numbers for decision cited. Self-represented party. Sanction: Warning, at para. 68.
  153. Zou v Miracon Development Inc., 2026 BCSC 85 — Supreme Court of British Columbia, January 20, 2026 (para. 23). Fictitious citation: Fictitious Citations Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision.. Self-represented party. Sanction: Serious (Costs of $200), at para. 29.
  154. Arora v. Canadian National Railway, 2026 FC 82 — Federal Court, January 19, 2026 (para. 26). Fictitious citations: CP Rail v. Canada (AG), 2015 FC 1348; Manitoba v. CHRC, 2016 FC 836. Self-represented party. Sanction: Warning, at para. 31.
  155. Vasina v. York Condominium Corporation No. 486, 2026 ONCAT 3 — Condominium Authority Tribunal of Ontario, January 12, 2026 (para. 6). Fictitious citations: Labelle v Essex CC 28, 2021 ONCAT 35; Mersich v PCC 89 ONCAT 75; Rui v TSCC 2151, 202 ONCAT 27; Wu v TSCC 1754, 202 ONCAT 63. Self-represented party. Sanction: Warning, at para. 6.
  156. Roy v. Canada (Attorney General), 2026 FC 28 — Federal Court, January 9, 2026 (para. 27). Fictitious citation: Fictitious Citations Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision.. Self-represented party. Sanction: Warning, at para. 29.
  157. Riley Pollard v UNIFOR Local 324, 2026 CanLII 1037 — Labour Relations Board of Ontario, January 6, 2026 (para. 12). Hallucinated Law: Hallucinated proposition of law generated by AI and references to non-existent rules. Self-represented party. Sanction: No Recorded Sanction.
  158. Bahrani v Peters, 2026 SKCA 2 — Court of Appeal of Saskatchewan, January 5, 2026 (para. 89). Fictitious citation: Fictitious Citations Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision.*. Self-represented party. Sanction: Serious (Costs of $3,000), at para. 89.
  159. Greenwood v. The Owners, Strata Plan LMS4102, 2026 BCCRT 6 — Civil Resolution Tribunal of British Columbia, January 5, 2026 (para. 10). Fictitious citation: Fictitious Citations Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision.. Self-represented party. Sanction: No Recorded Sanction.
  160. Dudak (Re), 2026 ABSRA 54 — SafeRoads Alberta, January 2, 2026 (para. 31). Fictitious citations: R v. Vilcnik, 2006 SKCA 40*; R v. Hufsky, 2008 SCC 33*; R v. Beland, 2010 ONCA 120*; R v. Perrier, 2011 ABCA 268*. Self-represented party. Sanction: No Recorded Sanction.
  161. Mazaheri v Law Society of Ontario, 2025 ONLSTH 186 — Law Society Tribunal of Ontario, December 30, 2025 (para. 9). Fictitious citation: Fictitious Citations Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision.. Represented party. Sanction: Serious (Costs contemplated), set out in Mazaheri v Law Society of Ontario, 2026 ONLSTH 33 at para. 68.
  162. Chaudhary v. Genest, 2025 HRTO 3121 — Human Rights Tribunal of Ontario, December 29, 2025 (para. 26). Fabricated Quotes: Fabricated quotes from a real decision. Hallucinated proposition of law generated by AI. Self-represented party. Sanction: Warning, at para. 26.
  163. JF v Canada Employment Insurance Commission, 2025 SST 1390 — Social Security Tribunal of Canada, December 24, 2025 (para. 11, 13, 12, 14). Fictitious citations: Gagnon v Canada, 1999 FCA 8976*; Kienast v Canada, 2004 FCA 128*; Lafleur v Canada, 2004 FCA 155*; Lussier v Canada, 2005 FCA 91*. Represented party. Sanction: No Recorded Sanction.
  164. Droit de la famille — 252196, 2025 QCCS 5260 — Superior Court of Quebec, December 23, 2025 (para. 16). Fictitious citations: Droit de la famille — 161804, 2015 QCCA 1202; Droit de la famille — 13262, 2013 QCCA 162. Self-represented party. Sanction: Serious (Costs of $500), at para. 21.
  165. Kalala c. Coopérative d’habitation La Fraternité Micheloise, 2025 QCCS 4866 — Superior Court of Quebec, December 23, 2025 (para. 26). Fictitious citations: Coopérative d’habitation Le Tremplin c. Bouchard, 2009 QCCS 4521; Syndicat des copropriétaires du 1245 Saint-André c. Deschênes, 2011 QCCA 1234. Self-represented party. Sanction: Serious (Costs of $500), at para. 29, 30.
  166. Nelligan O’Brien Payne v Amy French, 2025 TMOB 261 — Trademarks Opposition Board, December 19, 2025 (para. 25). Hallucinated Law: Hallucinated proposition of law generated by AI. Self-represented party. Sanction: Warning, at para. 25.
  167. Obermann v. ICBC, 2025 BCCRT 1759 — Civil Resolution Tribunal of British Columbia, December 19, 2025 (para. 8). Fictitious citation: Fictitious Citations Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision.. Self-represented party. Sanction: No Recorded Sanction.
  168. Vicki Boomer, 2025 BCLRB 250 — Labour Relations Board of British Columbia, December 16, 2025 (para. 52). Fictitious citation: The Teamsters Case (BCLRB No. B135/2022). Self-represented party. Sanction: Warning, at para. 52, 53.
  169. Bégin-Létourneau c. Syndicat des spécialistes et professionnels d’Hydro-Québec, section locale 4250, SCFP-FTQ, 2025 QCTAT 5208 — Tribunal Administratif du Travail of Quebec, December 15, 2025 (para. 20). Fictitious citations: Côté c. Syndicat canadien de la fonction publique, section locale 1500, [1992] RJDT 255 (T.A.T.); Tremblay c. Syndicat des travailleurs de l’aluminium d’Arvida (CSN), D.T.E. 96T-303. Self-represented party. Sanction: Warning, at para. 20.
  170. St-Roch c. Andritz Hydro Canada inc., 2025 QCTAT 5136 — Tribunal Administratif du Travail of Quebec, December 15, 2025 (para. 46). Fictitious citation: Bélanger c. Ville de Repentigny, 2008 QCCA 603*. Self-represented party. Sanction: No Recorded Sanction.
  171. Balogun v. Wentworth Standard Condominium Corporation No. 382, 2025 ONCAT 207 — Condominium Authority Tribunal of Ontario, December 5, 2025 (para. 3). Fictitious citation: Fictitious Citations Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision.. Self-represented party. Sanction: Warning, at para. 3.
  172. J.V.E.C. v S.M.D., 2025 SKKB 203 — Court of King’s Bench of Saskatchewan, December 4, 2025 (para. 37). Fictitious citation: Fictitious Citations Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision.*. Self-represented party. Sanction: Warning, at para. 37.
  173. Ko v. Li, 2025 ONSC 6785 — Superior Court of Justice of Ontario, December 4, 2025 (para. 7). Fictitious citation: Fictitious Citations Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision.. Represented party. Sanction: Serious (Costs of $10,000. Suspension of licence for six months), set out in Law Society of Ontario v Lee, 2026 ONLSTH 136 at para. 95.
  174. Heneghan v. The Owners, Strata Plan 187, 2025 BCCRT 1681 — Civil Resolution Tribunal of British Columbia, December 2, 2025 (para. 32). Fictitious citation: Fictitious Citations Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision.. Self-represented party. Sanction: No Recorded Sanction.
  175. Wang, Fengxi (Re), 2025 ONSC 6707 — Superior Court of Justice (Commercial List) of Ontario, December 1, 2025 (para. 35). Fictitious citations: Royal Bank v. Humaira, 2019 ONCA 667; Re H.Y. Louie Co. Ltd., 2001 BCSC 556; Royal Bank v. Rehmani, 2017 ONCA 615; Royal Bank v. St-Onge, 2001 SKCA 117. Self-represented party. Sanction: Warning, at para. 37.
  176. Chan v. British Columbia (Workers’ Compensation Appeal Tribunal), 2025 BCCA 452 — Court of Appeal of British Columbia, November 28, 2025 (para. 39). Fictitious citation: Fictitious Citations Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision.. Self-represented party. Sanction: Warning, at para. 39.
  177. Obermann v. Spring Financial Inc., 2025 BCCRT 1669 — Civil Resolution Tribunal of British Columbia, November 28, 2025 (para. 9). Fictitious citation: Fictitious Citations Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision.. Self-represented party. Sanction: No Recorded Sanction.
  178. PL v Minister of Employment and Social Development, 2025 SST 1237 — Social Security Tribunal of Canada, November 28, 2025 (para. 9). Fictitious citations: Gattellaro v. Canada (AG), 2005 FCA 83; Canada (AGC) v. Thouin, 2016 FC 1051. Self-represented party. Sanction: No Recorded Sanction.
  179. Lessard c. Longuepee, 2025 QCCQ 8285 — Court of Quebec, November 26, 2025 (para. 38). Fictitious citations: Leblanc c. Lacasse, C.Q. 2005; Girard c. Roy, 2012 QCCQ 7854; Beaulieu c. Ferland, 2009 QCCQ 3249; Bujold c. Élevage du Nord, 2018 QCCQ 1649. Self-represented party. Sanction: Warning, at para. 39, 40, 41.
  180. Internet Sciences Inc v CNSX Markets Inc, 2025 ONCMT 17 — Capital Markets Tribunal of Ontario, November 25, 2025 (para. 7). Fictitious citation: Fictitious Citations Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision.*. Self-represented party. Sanction: Warning, at para. 7.
  181. Desmarchais-Min v. Canada (Attorney General), 2025 FC 1854 — Federal Court, November 21, 2025 (para. 27). Fictitious citations: Labrosse v. Canada (Attorney General), 2023 FC 621; Nadeem v. Canada (Attorney General), 2022 FC 754. Self-represented party. Sanction: Warning, at para. 28.
  182. Syndicat des travailleuses et travailleurs de L’Autre Maison – CSN c Centre L’Autre Maison inc., 2025 CanLII 120680 (QC SAT) — Labour Arbitration Awards of Quebec, November 21, 2025 (para. 125). Fictitious citations: Commission scolaire régionale Chauveau c. Roberge, [1980] C.A. 37; Morin c. Commission scolaire de Laval (C.A., 1997); Desrosiers c. Hôpital Sainte-Anne (T.A., 2001); Caron c. Ville de Montréal (C.R.T., 2010). Self-represented party. Sanction: Warning, at para. 137, 138, 139.
  183. Walker v. Collingwood General and Marine Hospital, 2025 HRTO 2874 — Human Rights Tribunal of Ontario, November 21, 2025 (para. 54). Fictitious citations: Dhanjal v. Air Canada, 2016 HRTO 1301*; Sokoloff v. Tru-Path Occupational Therapy Services Ltd., 2013 HRTO 539*; Turner v. Canada Border Services Agency, 2017 HRTO 211*. Self-represented party. Sanction: Warning, at para. 55, 56.
  184. R v Wallace, 2025 NBKB 268 — Court of King’s Bench of New Brunswick, November 20, 2025 (para. 66). Fictitious citations: R. v Terrence, 1983 CanLII 3477*; R. v Gray, 2021 SKCA 152*; R. v Khan, 2020 ONCA 487*; R. v Marshall, 2019 ABCA 397*. Self-represented party. Sanction: No Recorded Sanction.
  185. RR v. Fraser Health Authority and others (No.3), 2025 BCHRT 287 — Human Rights Tribunal of British Columbia, November 20, 2025 (para. 219). Fictitious citation: Fictitious Citations Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision.. Self-represented party. Sanction: Warning, at para. 228.
  186. 0997510 BC Ltd. v. Area 15, 2025 BCPAAB 20252585 — Property Assessment Appeal Board of British Columbia, November 19, 2025 (para. 5). Fictitious citation: Fictitious Citations Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision.. Self-represented party. Sanction: Warning, at para. 11.
  187. DJ v SN, 2025 ABCA 383 — Court of Appeal of Alberta, November 19, 2025 (para. 24). Fictitious citation: Fictitious Citations Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision.. Self-represented party. Sanction: Serious (Costs of $500), at para. 25, 26.
  188. Wang v. Mongeon, 2025 HRTO 2859 — Human Rights Tribunal of Ontario, November 19, 2025 (para. 11). Fictitious citations: Wong v. Toronto (City), 2022 HRTO 987; Tan v. RBC, 2021 HRTO 432; Chen v. Ontario (Justice of the Peace), 2020 HRTO 112. Self-represented party. Sanction: Warning, at para. 11.
  189. Yuehong v. Canada (Citizenship and Immigration), 2025 FC 1837 — Federal Court, November 19, 2025 (para. 93). Fictitious citation: Ayyad v Canada (2023 FC 456). Represented party. Sanction: Serious (Costs of $500, paid by counsel), at para. 108.
  190. Entreprises Bertrand Roberge ltée c. Giroux, 2025 QCCS 4157 — Superior Court of Quebec, November 18, 2025 (para. 134, 285). Fictitious citations: Crawford c. Crawford McGregor, 1939 CanLII 42 (SCC), [1941] R.C.S. 1*; Droit de la famille – 123456, 2017 QCCA 1234*; Succession de Blanchette, 2023 QCCA 678*. Adjudicator. Sanction: No Recorded Sanction. The decision contains inaccurate citations. They are suspected to have been generated by artificial intelligence.
  191. Azar c. Université de Montréal, 2025 QCCA 1442 — Court of Appeal of Quebec, November 13, 2025 (para. 7). Fictitious citation: Fictitious Citations Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision.. Self-represented party. Sanction: Warning, at para. 7.
  192. BS v. Minister responsible for Social Solidarity and Community Action, 2025 CanLII 124599 (QC TAQ) — Tribunal Administratif of Quebec, November 12, 2025 (para. 129). Other AI Misuse: Repeated filing of AI-generated legal submissions. Self-represented party. Sanction: Warning, at para. 129.
  193. Choi v. Slopinski, 2025 BCSC 2226 — Supreme Court of British Columbia, November 10, 2025 (para. 38). Fictitious citation: Mullins v. McMaster University, 2020 ONSC 2403*. Self-represented party. Sanction: No Recorded Sanction.
  194. Ren v. Area 09, 2025 BCPAAB 20253891 — Property Assessment Appeal Board of British Columbia, November 7, 2025 (para. 3). Fictitious citation: Fictitious Citations Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision.. Self-represented party. Sanction: Serious (Costs of $910), at para. 33.
  195. BC Taco Restaurant Group Ltd., 2025 BCEST 134 — Employment Standards Tribunal of British Columbia, November 6, 2025 (para. 21). Fictitious citation: Fictitious Citations Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision.. Self-represented party. Sanction: Warning, at para. 22, 23.
  196. Droit de la famille – 251792, 2025 QCCS 4505 — Superior Court of Quebec, October 30, 2025 (para. 30). Fictitious citation: Fictitious Citations Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision.. Self-represented party. Sanction: Warning, at para. 31, 33.
  197. O.K. v. Southern Ontario Secondary Schools Association, 2025 HRTO 2715 — Human Rights Tribunal of Ontario, October 30, 2025 (para. 34). Fictitious citation: Hodges v. Triathlon Canada*. Represented party. Sanction: Warning, at para. 37, 38.
  198. Bourse de Immobilier Multilogements inc. c. Lanthier, 2025 QCCS 4135 — Superior Court of Quebec, October 29, 2025 (para. 10). Fictitious citations: Société Radio-Canada c. Québec (Procureur général), 2011 QCCA 826; Dupuis c. Société d’énergie de la Baie James, 2009 QCCS 1786; Prud’homme c. Rawdon, 2020 QCCS. Self-represented party. Sanction: No Recorded Sanction.
  199. The Vancor Group Inc. v. 2744364 Ontario Limited et al, 2025 ONSC 5925 — Superior Court of Justice (Commercial List) of Ontario, October 28, 2025 (para. 22). Fictitious citations: Valgardson v. British Columbia, 2020 BCCA 20; Wallace v. Crates Marine Sales Ltd. 2014 ONSC 3124. Self-represented party. Sanction: Warning, at para. 24, 25.
  200. Wu v. Murray, 2025 BCCA 365 — Court of Appeal of British Columbia, October 21, 2025 (para. 11). Fictitious citation: Fictitious Citations Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision.. Self-represented party. Sanction: Warning, at para. 14, 15.
  201. X.L. v. Z.L. et al, 2025 ONSC 5880 — Superior Court of Justice of Ontario, October 16, 2025 (para. 91). Fictitious citations: Duggan v. Durham Region Law Association, 2022 ONCA 216; Gowling Lafleur Henderson LLP v. Shorter, 2011 ONSC 5840; Indalex Ltd., Re, 2013 SCC 6; Pinto v. BMO Trust Company, 2017 ONCA 120. Self-represented party. Sanction: Serious (Costs of $1,000), set out in X.L. v. Z.L. et al, 2026 ONSC 347 at para. 60.
  202. 1000831699 Ontario Inc v Lodhi, 2025 ONLTB 78871 — Landlord and Tenant Board of Ontario, October 15, 2025 (para. 13). Fictitious citation: Dundas & Jarvis Associates v. Djemo (1991), 15 R.P.R. (2d) 36 (Div. Ct.). Represented party. Sanction: Serious (Costs of $200, split between counsel and party), at para. 16.
  203. Janssen v. Toronto Standard Condominium Corporation No. 1851, 2025 ONCAT 176 — Condominium Authority Tribunal of Ontario, October 15, 2025 (para. 1). Fictitious citation: Fictitious Citations Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision.. Self-represented party. Sanction: No Recorded Sanction.
  204. T.B. v K.M., 2025 SKKB 176 — Court of King’s Bench of Saskatchewan, October 15, 2025 (para. 19). Fictitious citations: A.M. v C.H., 2019 SKQB 162; Baker v Baker, 2007 ONCA 329; R.C. v R.C., 2013 NSCA 71; M.K. v S.K., 2010 ABQB 150. Self-represented party. Sanction: Serious (Costs that could have been obtained were (i) not ordered or (ii) reduced), at para. 18, 21.
  205. Dulac c. Ville de Gatineau, 2025 CanLII 113234 (QC TAQ) — Tribunal Administratif of Quebec, October 11, 2025 (para. 52). Fictitious citations: 2024 QCTAQ 02812*; 2024 QCTAQ 2765*; Tremblay c. Québec, 2018 QCTAQ 0921*; Bouchard c. Montréal, 2017 QCTAQ 1342*; Lambert c. Laval, 2019 QCTAQ 0678*. Self-represented party. Sanction: No Recorded Sanction.
  206. Visca v. Halton District School Board, 2025 HRTO 2547 — Human Rights Tribunal of Ontario, October 9, 2025 (para. 9). Fictitious citations: Carter v. Chrysler Canada Inc., 2015 HRTO 708*; Adekayode v. Metro Toronto Convention Centre, 2010 HRTO 2207*; Baranowski v. Cintas Canada Limited, 2014 HRTO 205*. Self-represented party. Sanction: No Recorded Sanction.
  207. Ren v. Area 09, 2025 BCPAAB 20251941 — Property Assessment Appeal Board of British Columbia, October 7, 2025 (para. 6). Fabricated Quotes: Fabricated quotes from a real decision. Hallucinated proposition of law generated by AI. Self-represented party. Sanction: Serious (Costs of $910), set out in Ren v. Area 09, 2025 BCPAAB 20253891 at para. 33.
  208. Barrette v Wevers, 2025 ABKB 583 — Court of King’s Bench of Alberta, October 6, 2025 (para. 10). Fictitious citation: Saffi v Johns, 2014 ABQB 237*. Self-represented party. Sanction: No Recorded Sanction.
  209. Delisle v. Canadian Association of Professional Employees, 2025 FPSLREB 131 — Federal Public Sector Labour Relations and Employment Board, October 3, 2025 (para. 30). Fictitious citation: Fictitious Citations Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision.. Self-represented party. Sanction: Warning, at para. 37, 38, 39, 40.
  210. Backhaus v. Area 01, 2025 BCPAAB 20251734 — Property Assessment Appeal Board of British Columbia, October 2, 2025 (para. 10). Fictitious citations: Area #01 – Capital v. Queen Alexandra Foundation for Children (2000 BCCA 9); Glenmark Developments Inc. v. Assessor of Area #09 – Vancouver (2009). Self-represented party. Sanction: Warning, at para. 13, 16.
  211. Hogan v. Treasury Board (Department of Employment and Social Development), 2025 FPSLREB 127 — Federal Public Sector Labour Relations and Employment Board, October 1, 2025 (para. 23). Fictitious citations: Canadian Human Rights Commission v. Canada (AG), 2018 FCA 12; Merriweather v. Canada (Attorney General), 2012 FC 109; Fanning v. Treasury Board, 2023 FPSLREB 12; Vancouver v. CUPE, 2006 SCC 27. Self-represented party. Sanction: Warning, at para. 26.
  212. Specter Aviation Limited c. Laprade, 2025 QCCS 3521 — Superior Court of Quebec, October 1, 2025 (para. 53). Fictitious citation: Fictitious Citations Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision.. Self-represented party. Sanction: Serious (Costs of $5,000), at para. 58, 59, 67.
  213. Reddy v Saroya, 2025 ABCA 322 — Court of Appeal of Alberta, September 26, 2025 (para. 73). Fictitious citation: Fictitious Citations Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision.. Represented party. Sanction: Serious (Costs of $17,550, paid by counsel), set out in Reddy v Saroya, 2026 ABCA 20 at para. 16.
  214. Salem v. Deputy Head (Department of Health), 2025 FPSLREB 122 — Federal Public Sector Labour Relations and Employment Board, September 24, 2025 (para. 59). Fictitious citations: Nelligan v. Canada (Attorney General), 2008 FC 745; O’Brien v. Canada (Treasury Board), 2004 PSSRB 27; OPSEU v. Ontario (Ministry of Correctional Services) (Kirkwood Greivance), [2005] O.G.S.B.A. No. 100; Sweeney v. Canada, 2006 PSLRB 125. Self-represented party. Sanction: Warning, at para. 59.
  215. Messa v. Canada (Citizenship and Immigration), 2025 FC 1557 — Federal Court, September 23, 2025 (para. 7). Hallucinated Law: Hallucinated proposition of law generated by AI. Represented party. Sanction: Warning, at para. 8.
  216. Stile Carpentry Ltd. v. 2004424 Ontario Inc., 2025 ONCA 669 — Court of Appeal of Ontario, September 23, 2025 (para. 8). Fictitious citation: Fictitious Citations Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision.*. Self-represented party. Sanction: Warning, at para. 9.
  217. Régie du bâtiment du Québec c. 9308-2469 Québec inc. (Éco résidentiel), 2025 QCRBQ 86 — Régie du Bâtiment of Quebec, September 11, 2025 (para. 162). Fictitious citation: Fictitious Citations Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision.. Self-represented party. Sanction: Warning, at para. 165.
  218. Re X Corp., 2025 BCCRT 1228 — Civil Resolution Tribunal of British Columbia, September 4, 2025 (para. 45). Fabricated Quotes: Fabricated quotes from a real decision. Hallucinated proposition of law generated by AI. Self-represented party. Sanction: Serious (Costs that could have been obtained were (i) not ordered or (ii) reduced), at para. 45.
  219. Lockwood v. ICBC, 2025 BCCRT 1227 — Civil Resolution Tribunal of British Columbia, September 3, 2025 (para. 53). Fictitious citation: Fictitious Citations Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision.. Self-represented party. Sanction: No Recorded Sanction.
  220. Tyler v. Canada (Attorney General), 2025 FC 1457 — Federal Court, September 3, 2025 (para. 24, 30). Fictitious citations: Moussaoui v Canada (Citizenship and Immigration), 2016 FC 135; Fontanilla v Canada, 2005 FC 1014; Fournier v Canada (Attorney General), 2016 FC 555; Gallant v Canada (Attorney General), 2012 FC 536; Poirier v Canada (Attorney General), 2019 FC 739; Bergmann v Canada (Attorney General), 2020 FC 1111. Self-represented party. Sanction: Serious (Costs ordered in part due to having filed AI-hallucinated cases in legal submissions), at para. 64.
  221. Alana Kotler v Ontario Secondary School Teachers’ Federation, 2025 CanLII 96840 (ON LRB) — Labour Relations Board of Ontario, August 29, 2025 (para. 19). Fictitious citations: Blouin Drywall Ltd.; [1983] OLRB Rep. June 1057; Brisette v. Amalgamated Transit Union, Local 113, [2010] O.L.R.D. No. 2142; Figueroa v. Canadian Union of Postal Workers, 2014 CIRB 748; Hargrave v. CUPE, Local 2544, 2012 OLRD No. 3055; Harley v. Canadian Union of Postal Workers, 2010 CHRT 4; Holmes v. CUPE, Local 4092, [2015] O.L.R.D. No. 1751; Kanellopoulos v. Canadian Union of Public Employees, Local 1000, [2012] O.L.R.D. No. 166; Latreille v. Canadian Union of Public Employees, (2002) 2002 CanLII 79118 (BC LA), 110 L.A.C. (4th) 289; Latreille v. Ontario Secondary School Teachers’ Federation, [2008] O.L.R.D. No. 1918; Lenahan v. Canadian Auto Workers, Local 222, 2003 CanLII 55779 (ON LRB); Millen v. OSSTF District 25, [2001] OLRB Rep. May/June 485; Rosati v. Teamsters Local Union No. 879, [2012] OLRD No. 2072. Self-represented party. Sanction: No Recorded Sanction.
  222. Larry and Kari Myers v. Tarion Warranty Corporation, 2025 CanLII 86528 (ON LAT) — Licence Appeal Tribunal of Ontario, August 28, 2025 (para. 7). Fictitious citation: Fictitious Citations Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision.. Self-represented party. Sanction: Warning, at para. 10.
  223. Babbar v. Tarion Warranty Corporation, 2025 CanLII 111710 (ON LAT) — Licence Appeal Tribunal of Ontario, August 25, 2025 (para. 15). Fictitious citations: Bastide vs. Tarion Warranty Corporation (2017)*; Hirsch vs. Tarion Warranty Corporation (2014)*. Self-represented party. Sanction: No Recorded Sanction.
  224. MacEachern-Flatt v. University Health Network, 2025 HRTO 2125 — Human Rights Tribunal of Ontario, August 25, 2025 (para. 18). Fictitious citation: Fictitious Citations Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision.*. Self-represented party. Sanction: No Recorded Sanction. Please note that Mr. MacEachern-Flatt disputes the adjudicator’s finding, at para. 18 of this decision, that ‘the applicant cited case law that does not appear to exist’. Mr. MacEachern-Flatt intends to challenge this decision, including this finding at paragraph 18, at the Divisional Court.
  225. Family & Children’s Services of the Waterloo Region (Children’s Aid Society of the Regional Municipality of Waterloo) (Re), 2025 CanLII 85817 (ON IPC) — Information and Privacy Commissioner of Ontario, August 21, 2025 (para. 37). Fictitious citation: Fictitious Citations Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision.. Self-represented party. Sanction: Warning, at para. 37.
  226. A2501051 (Re), 2025 CanLII 97422 (BC WCAT) — Workers’ Compensation Appeal Tribunal of British Columbia, August 18, 2025 (para. 5). Fictitious citation: Fictitious Citations Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision.. Self-represented party. Sanction: Warning, at para. 23.
  227. XH v Canada Employment Insurance Commission, 2025 SST 1097 — Social Security Tribunal of Canada, August 18, 2025 (para. 9). Fictitious citation: Fictitious Citations Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision.*. Self-represented party. Sanction: Warning, at para. 10.
  228. Maxwell v. WestJet Airlines Ltd., 2025 BCCRT 1146 — Civil Resolution Tribunal of British Columbia, August 15, 2025 (para. 12). Fictitious citation: Fictitious Citation Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision.. Self-represented party. Sanction: No Recorded Sanction.
  229. Yashcheshen v Saskatchewan Government Insurance, 2025 SKKB 127 — Court of King’s Bench of Saskatchewan, August 15, 2025 (para. 26). Fictitious citation: Fictitious Citations Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision.. Self-represented party. Sanction: Warning, at para. 26.
  230. Blinds to Go Inc. c. Blachley, 2025 QCCS 3190 — Superior Court of Quebec, August 11, 2025 (para. 57). Fictitious citations: Produits Gilbert Inc. c. Fiset, 2007 QCCA 378; Les Entreprises Marc Leblanc Inc. v. Dupuis, 2003 QCCS 1559; BGE Canada v. LG Electronics Inc., 2017 FCA 68; Bail v. Sherbrooke Mechanical, 2003 QCCA 435. Self-represented party. Sanction: No Recorded Sanction.
  231. Musselman v. Vanderstelt, 2025 BCCA 289 — Court of Appeal of British Columbia, August 8, 2025 (para. 7). Fictitious citation: Fictitious Citations Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision.. Self-represented party. Sanction: No Recorded Sanction.
  232. Halton (Regional Municipality) v. Rewa et al., 2025 ONSC 4503 — Superior Court of Justice of Ontario, August 1, 2025 (para. 46). Fictitious citations: MacMillan Bloedel Ltd. v. Kruger Inc., 1988 CanLII 4630 (ON SC); CIBC World Markets Inc. v. Genuity Capital Markets, 2011 ONCA 525 (CanLII); Deloitte & Touche v. Livent Inc. 2017 ONCA 575 (CanLII). Self-represented party. Sanction: Warning, at para. 53, 54.
  233. A2402099 (Re), 2025 CanLII 82587 (BC WCAT) — Workers’ Compensation Appeal Tribunal of British Columbia, July 30, 2025 (para. 45). Fictitious citation: Fictitious Citations Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision.. Self-represented party. Sanction: Warning, at para. 45.
  234. Hakemi v. ICBC, 2025 BCCRT 1035 — Civil Resolution Tribunal of British Columbia, July 24, 2025 (para. 12). Fictitious citation: Fictitious Citations Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision.. Self-represented party. Sanction: No Recorded Sanction.
  235. Pennytech Inc v Superior Building Group Limited, 2025 ONLTB 52666 — Landlord and Tenant Board of Ontario, July 21, 2025 (para. 15). Fictitious citations: Aiken v. Greenberg, 1997 CanLII 12298 (ON SC); Crescent Town Tenants’ Assn. v. Toronto Community Housing Corp., 2009 ONCA 613; Dickinson v. Oxford (County), 2006 CanLII 40070 (ON SCDC); Holley v. Northern Centre for Advanced Technology Inc., 2006 ONCA 142; TNL-24884-12 (Re), 2012 CanLII 51605 (ON LTB). Represented party. Sanction: Warning, at para. 20.
  236. Moradi v British Columbia (Human Rights Tribunal), 2025 BCSC 1377 — Supreme Court of British Columbia, July 18, 2025 (para. 18). Fictitious citations: Jones v. BC Human Rights Tribunal, 2018 BCSC 1234; Smith v. BC Human Rights Tribunal, 2017 BCSC 5678. Self-represented party. Sanction: Warning, at para. 74.
  237. Blaser v. Campbell, 2025 BCCRT 962 — Civil Resolution Tribunal of British Columbia, July 15, 2025 (para. 16). Fictitious citation: Fictitious Citations Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision.. Self-represented party. Sanction: Warning, at para. 16.
  238. Mohamed Elkareem v ATU Transit Union Local 113, 2025 CanLII 77203 (ON LRB) — Labour Relations Board of Ontario, July 11, 2025 (para. 13). Fictitious citation: Fictitious Citations Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision.. Self-represented party. Sanction: No Recorded Sanction.
  239. Lloyd’s Register Canada Ltd. v. Choi, 2025 FC 1233 — Federal Court, July 10, 2025 (para. 2). Fictitious citation: Fontaine v Canada, 2004 FC 1777. Self-represented party. Sanction: Serious (Motion record removed from court file), at para. 5, 6, 7, 8, 9.
  240. Dhuruvasangary v. Toronto Standard Condominium Corporation No. 1532, 2025 ONCAT 115 — Condominium Authority Tribunal of Ontario, July 9, 2025 (para. 17). Fictitious citations: McKnight v. York Condominium Corporation No. 382, 2020 ONCAT 40*; Wu v Peel Condominium Corporation No. 245, 2021 ONCAT 30*. Self-represented party. Sanction: No Recorded Sanction.
  241. NCR v KKB, 2025 ABKB 417 — Court of King’s Bench of Alberta, July 9, 2025 (para. 110). Fictitious citations: Patterson v Patterson, 2021 ABQB 144; BMD v SAB (2018 ABCA 369); JY v ML, 2020 ABQB 117; WC v AB, 2018 ABQB 474; HM v MB (2018 ABQB 280); EDS v JMS (2011 ABCA 70); Re: NL v SD (2017 ABQB 196). Self-represented party. Sanction: Serious (Costs that could have been obtained were (i) not ordered or (ii) reduced), at para. 114.
  242. AQ v. BW, 2025 BCCRT 907 — Civil Resolution Tribunal of British Columbia, July 4, 2025 (para. 15). Fictitious citation: Fictitious Citations Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision.. Self-represented party. Sanction: Warning, at para. 16.
  243. LaPointe v. Chief Animal Welfare Inspector, 2025 ONACRB 159 — Animal Care Review Board of Ontario, June 30, 2025 (para. 36). Fictitious citation: Fictitious Citations Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision.. Self-represented party. Sanction: Warning, at para. 37.
  244. Enviro Plus Duct Cleaning, 2025 CanLII 59520 (CA CITT) — Canadian International Trade Tribunal, June 20, 2025 (para. 29). Fictitious citation: MDS Nordion (PR-2001-041). Represented party. Sanction: Warning, at para. 35.
  245. Monfared v Canada (Citizenship and Immigration), 2025 CanLII 133075 (CA IRB) — Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada, June 20, 2025 (para. 25). Fictitious citation: Fictitious Citations Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision.. Represented party. Sanction: Warning, at para. 25.
  246. J.R.V. v N.L.V, 2025 BCSC 1137 — Supreme Court of British Columbia, June 19, 2025 (para. 51). Fictitious citation: Fictitious Citations Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision.. Self-represented party. Sanction: Serious (Costs of $200), at para. 51, 54, 55.
  247. Attorney General v. $32,000 in Canadian Currency, 2025 ONSC 3414 — Superior Court of Justice of Ontario, June 16, 2025 (para. 50). Fictitious citation: Fictitious Citations Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision.*. Self-represented party. Sanction: Warning, at para. 51, 52, 54.
  248. Noura Ahmed v Troy Powell, 2025 CanLII 62624 (ON LRB) — Labour Relations Board of Ontario, June 9, 2025 (para. 25). Fictitious citation: McDonald v CAAT Academic Union, 2013 CanLII 76296 (ON LRB)*. Self-represented party. Sanction: No Recorded Sanction.
  249. Zahariev v Zaharieva, 2025 BCSC 1057 — Supreme Court of British Columbia, June 9, 2025 (para. 14). Fictitious citations: Kovacs v. Kovacs, 2012 BCSC 1400; D.A.M. v. M.A.K., 2009 ONCJ 405; C.A. v. G.T., 2012 NBQB 282. Self-represented party. Sanction: No Recorded Sanction.
  250. Lakhanpal v. Avis Budget Group Inc., 2025 HRTO 1410 — Human Rights Tribunal of Ontario, June 4, 2025 (para. 12). Fictitious citations: Ahmed v. Shelter Canadian Properties Limited (2003) HRTO*; Morgis v. Thomson Consumer Electronics (1998) HRTO*; Narasimhalu v. Ontario (2009) HRTO 1894*. Self-represented party. Sanction: No Recorded Sanction.
  251. Saeidi v. Davij, SC 21-160700, Endorsement on Costs — Small Claims Court of Ontario, May 30, 2025 (para. 7). Fictitious citation: Fictitious Citations Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision.. Represented party. Sanction: Serious (Costs ordered in part due to having filed AI-hallucinated cases in legal submissions), at para. 12. Source: Chiarelli Cramer Witteveen LLP. This decision has been independently verified through searching the applicable court file.
  252. R. v. Chand, 2025 ONCJ 282 — Court of Justice of Ontario, May 26, 2025 (para. 5). Fictitious citation: Fictitious Citations Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision.*. Represented party. Sanction: Warning, at para. 5.
  253. Shakori v Tern, 2025 ONLTB 31233 — Landlord and Tenant Board of Ontario, May 26, 2025 (para. 62). Fictitious citation: Fictitious Citations Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision.. Represented party. Sanction: No Recorded Sanction.
  254. Ko v. Li, 2025 ONSC 2965 — Superior Court of Justice of Ontario, May 20, 2025 (para. 14). Fictitious citation: Fictitious Citations Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision.. Represented party. Sanction: Serious (Costs of $10,000. Suspension of licence for six months), set out in Law Society of Ontario v Lee, 2026 ONLSTH 136 at para. 95.
  255. Ko v. Li, 2025 ONSC 2766 — Superior Court of Justice of Ontario, May 6, 2025 (para. 4, 10). Fictitious citations: Alam v. Shah, 2023 ONSC 1772; DaCosta v. DaCosta, 2010 ONSC 2178; Meschino Estate v. Meschino, 1998 CanLII 14734 (ON SC). Represented party. Sanction: Serious (Costs of $10,000. Suspension of licence for six months), set out in Law Society of Ontario v Lee, 2026 ONLSTH 136 at para. 95.
  256. Lozano González c. Roberge, 2025 QCTAL 15786 — Tribunal Administratif du Logement of Quebec, May 1, 2025 (para. 7). Other AI Misuse: Inaccurate translation of Quebec’s Civil Code by AI. Self-represented party. Sanction: No Recorded Sanction.
  257. Notice of Complaint by the Law Society of New Brunswick — Provincial Court of New Brunswick, April 29, 2025 (para. 2). Fictitious citation: Fictitious Citations Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision.. Represented party. Sanction: Serious (Fine of $10,000. Costs of $2,000. Suspension of licence for two weeks), set out in Notice of Suspension Issued by the Law Society of New Brunswick at para. Paras. a. to c..
  258. Hussein v. Canada (Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship), 2025 FC 1060 — Federal Court, April 28, 2025 (para. 35). Fictitious citations: Canada (Minister of Citizenship and Immigration v. Weng 2001 FCT 575); Mapara v. Canada (MCI) 2018 FC 990. Represented party. Sanction: Serious (Costs of $100, paid by counsel), set out in Hussein v. Canada (Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship), 2025 FC 1138 at para. 17.
  259. Simpson v. Hung Long Enterprises Inc., 2025 BCCRT 525 — Civil Resolution Tribunal of British Columbia, April 25, 2025 (para. 8). Fictitious citation: Smith v. Doe. Self-represented party. Sanction: Serious (Costs of $500), at para. 26, 30, 33.
  260. SQBox Solutions Ltd. v. Oak, 2025 BCCRT 408 — Civil Resolution Tribunal of British Columbia, March 31, 2025 (para. 11). Fictitious citation: Fictitious Citation Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision.. Self-represented party. Sanction: Warning, at para. 12.
  261. A.Q. v. B.T., 2025 BCCRT 398 — Civil Resolution Tribunal of British Columbia, March 28, 2025 (para. 23). Fictitious citations: Jordan v. Law Society of British Columbia, 2018 BCCA 181; West Coast Environmental Law Association v. British Columbia (Ministry of Forests, Lands and Natural Resource Operations), 2019 BCSC 1935. Self-represented party. Sanction: Serious (Costs that could have been obtained were (i) not ordered or (ii) reduced), at para. 23, 24.
  262. Re Nicholson, 2025 ONSC 1069 — Superior Court of Justice of Ontario, February 18, 2025 (para. 145). Fictitious citations: In re: M. & N. Enterprises Ltd. 2022 BCSC 1012*; Kenwood Hills Inc. 2015 ONSC 4481*; Portus Alternative Asset Management Inc. 2007 ONSC 5089*; Patterson v. Kingsway Financial Services Inc. 2006 ONCA 384*; Toronto-Dominion Bank v. Canmarc Holdings Inc. 2019 ONSC 3451*; G. A. Consulting v. A. D. Realty Corp. 2019 ONSC 5272*. Self-represented party. Sanction: No Recorded Sanction.
  263. Geismayr v. The Owners, Strata Plan KAS 1970, 2025 BCCRT 217 — Civil Resolution Tribunal of British Columbia, February 14, 2025 (para. 25). Fictitious citation: The Owners, Strata Plan LMS 2768 v. Jordison (2013). Self-represented party. Sanction: No Recorded Sanction.
  264. Duarte v. City of Richmond, 2024 BCHRT 347 — Human Rights Tribunal of British Columbia, December 18, 2024 (para. 52). Fictitious citation: R v. C.P. Rail (1994). Self-represented party. Sanction: Warning, at para. 53.
  265. Monster Energy Company v Pacific Smoke International Inc., 2024 TMOB 211 — Trademarks Opposition Board, November 20, 2024 (para. 16). Fictitious citation: Hennes & Mauritz AB v M & S Meat Shops Inc, 2012 TMOB 7. Represented party. Sanction: Warning, at para. 16.
  266. CARB 188903M-2024 (Re), 2024 ABCGYARB 2188903 (CanLII) — Calgary Assessment Review Board of Alberta, November 7, 2024 (para. 1). Fictitious citation: Fictitious Citations Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision.*. Represented party. Sanction: Warning, at para. 3.
  267. Rajabi v. Lassalle, 2024 QCTAL 35477 — Tribunal Administratif du Logement of Quebec, November 1, 2024 (para. 20, 18). Fictitious citations: Bureau v.Maison, 2005 QCRLD 12345CanLII*; Roussel(le) v. Bergeron, 2011 QCRDL 2005CanLII*. Self-represented party. Sanction: No Recorded Sanction.
  268. Tweten (Re), 2024 ABSRA 3193 — SafeRoads Alberta, October 29, 2024 (para. 30). Hallucinated Law: Hallucinated proposition of law generated by AI. Self-represented party. Sanction: No Recorded Sanction.
  269. Industria de Diseno Textil, S.A. v Sara Ghassai, 2024 TMOB 150 — Trademarks Opposition Board, August 12, 2024 (para. 5). Fictitious citations: H & M Hennes & Mauritz AB v M & S Meat Shops Inc, 2012 TMOB 7*; Vivat Holdings Ltd v Menasha Canada Ltd, 2001 FCA 278*; M & M Meats Shops Ltd v M & M Products Inc, 2000 FCT 396*; Cheap Flights Fares Inc v KAYAK Software Corporation*; Molson Breweries v John Labatt Ltd, [2000] 3 SCR 890*. Represented party. Sanction: Warning, at para. 6.
  270. Choi v Lloyd’s Register Canada Limited, 2024 CIRB 1146 — Canada Industrial Relations Board, July 23, 2024 (para. 76). Fictitious citations: Doe v. ABC Corporation (2018); Smith v. XYZ Ltd. (2019); Jones v. DEF Services (2020). Self-represented party. Sanction: Warning, at para. 79.
  271. Zhang v Chen, 2024 BCSC 285 — Supreme Court of British Columbia, February 20, 2024 (para. 8). Fictitious citations: M.M. v. A.M., 2019 BCSC 2060; B.S. v. S.S., 2017 BCSC 2162. Represented party. Sanction: Serious (Costs of an unknown amount, paid by counsel), at para. 40, 41, 42, 43.